Fucello, Jean & J.S. Brock. 1980. Two municipalities develop urban forest plans. Michigan Municipal Review 53(3): 58-59.
In recent years, many communities have become increasingly aware of the value of their urban forests. For many small communities, such as Saline (pop. approx. 7,000) and Zeeland (pop. approx. 5,200), the large number of mature shade trees lining streets and adorning parks and other public and private lawns add materially to their attractiveness and charm. The loss of these trees, or even substantial quantities of them, would produce considerable monetary, environmental, and aesthetic effects. The city, as the largest single owner of trees, is perforce the logical leader in any effort toward good urban forestry management. The urban forestry programs in Saline and in Zeeland, Michigan are described and discussed.
Svihra, Pavel & J.K. Clark. 1980. The courtship of the elm bark beetle. California Agriculture 34(4): 7-9.
The smaller European elm bark beetle is responsible for most spread of the devastating Dutch elm disease. Little is known about why the smaller European elm bark beetle feeds in elm twig crotches. Entomologists believe that such feeding is not mandatory and that, when it occurs, the beetle uses the feeding cavity in the crotch as protection, waiting for favorable weather conditions before selecting a breeding site. We observed aggregation and courtship behavior in living elm tissue, during the beetle’s feeding in the crotches of small twigs. In the laboratory, we observed and photographed courtship by both sexes in the twig crotches, which resulted in successful copulation. The text and photographs here are based on 100 samples of each of two sequences: courtship behavior of the male when the female was in the feeding cavity, and courtship behavior of the female when the male was in the feeding cavity.
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