Virus and Virus-Like Diseases of Shade Trees

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Fig. 1.
Typical bunch symptoms on walnut caused by MLO (courtesy, C.E. Seliskar).
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Fig. 2.
Mottle on Amelanchier spp. thirteen months after inoculation with a bud from infected apple. Left, mosaic pattern on leaves from inoculated tree. Right, leaves of healthy noninoculated control.
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Figure 3.
Palm mosaic (courtesy, D.E. Mayhew), (upper) Mosaic patterns on leaves of infected Mexican palm, Washingtonia robusta Wendl. (middle) Electron micrograph showing long, flexuous rods (686 × 13 nm). (lower) Electron micrographs showing pinwheel inclusion bodies.
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Fig. 4.
Mosaic on persimmon.

Table 1.

Transmissible diseases of trees with a MLO etiology

Common name	Type	Host	Reference
Ash witches’ broom	yellows	Fraxinus americana	Hibben & Wolanski, 1970. Phytopathology 60:1295 (Abstr.)
Brooming of black locust	yellows	Robinia pseudoacacia	Seliskar et al. 1973. Phytopathology 63:30
Bunch of walnut	yellows	Juglans spp.	Hutchins & Wester. 1947. Phytopathology 37:11 (Abstr.)
Lethal yellows of palm	yellows	Cocos nucifera	Plavsic-Banja et al. 1972. Phytopathology 62:298.
Pecan bunch	yellows	Carya illinoensis	Seliskar et al. 1974. Phytopathology 64:1269.
Phloem necrosis of elm		Ulmus americana	Wilson et al. 1972. Phytopathology 62:140.

Table 2.

Transmissible diseases of trees with a virus etiology^¹

Disease		Identity	Reference
Amelanchier mottle	Amelanchier spp.	CLSV	Millikan & Guengerich. 1956. Phytopathology 46:130
Ash ringspot	Fra×inus americana	TRSV	Hibben. 1966. Phytopathology 56:323
Elm mosaic	Ulmus americana	TomRSV	Swingle et al. 1943. Phytopathology 33:1196
Epinasty on flowering cherry	Prunes serulata	GRMV	Fridlund & Deiner. 1958. Plant Dis. Rptr. 42:830
Line pattern on birch	Betula papyrifera; B. alleghaniensis	ApMV	Gotlieb & Berbee. 1973. Phytopathology 63:1470
Palm mosaic	Washingtonia robusta	PVY	Mayhew & Tidwell. 1978. Plant Dis. Rptr. 62:803.
Zonate canker of elm	Ulmus americana		Swingle & Bretz. 1950. Phytopathology 40:1018.

↵¹ Abbreviations used in this table are as follows; ApMV = apple mosaic virus; CLSV = chlorotic leafspot virus; GRMV = green ring mottle virus; PVY = potato virus Y; TomRSV = tomato ringspot virus; TRSV = tobacco ringspot virus.

Table 3.

Tree diseases of unknown etiology under current investigation.

Disease	Host	Reference
Maple variagation	Acer saccharum	Gotlieb, unpublished data
Persimmon mosaic	Diospyrus virginiana	Millikan et al., unpublished data
Sassafras bunch	Sassafras albidum	Millikan et al., unpublished data