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Research ArticleArticles

Detection of Ganoderma australe Decay in Three Acacia confusa Trees: A Case Study

Cheng-Jung Lin, Po-Hong Lin, Chieh-Yu Chang and Qi-Zhu Gong
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) March 2025, 51 (2) 154-168; DOI: https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2025.003
Cheng-Jung Lin
Forest Products Utilization Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, 53 Nanhai Rd, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan
Roles: Senior Researcher, Adjunct professor
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Po-Hong Lin
Forest Products Utilization Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, 53 Nanhai Rd, Taipei, Taiwan
Roles: Assistant Researcher
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Chieh-Yu Chang
Forest Products Utilization Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, 53 Nanhai Rd, Taipei, Taiwan
Roles: Research Assistant
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Qi-Zhu Gong
Forest Products Utilization Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, 53 Nanhai Rd, Taipei, Taiwan
Roles: Research Assistant
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Article Figures & Data

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  • Figure 1.
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    Figure 1.

    Sonic tomography test on Acacia confusa using a Fakopp stress wave tomographic tool. (A) Ganoderma australe on the trunk surface of Acacia confusa. (B) Sensor arrangement, sonic measurement paths, and stress wave velocity tomography (gray). (C) Schematic of the stress wave velocity grid map. (D) The corresponding velocity grid map (40 mm × 40 mm).

  • Figure 2.
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    Figure 2.

    (A) Transverse stress wave velocity tomography (green-yellow-red). (B) Corresponding velocity grid map (40 mm × 40 mm). (C) Drilling resistance amplitude (%) profiles. (D) Surface of disk cross section. (E) Penetration depth (mm) for Acacia confusa No. 51.

  • Figure 3.
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    Figure 3.

    (A) Transverse stress wave velocity tomography (green-yellow-red). (B) Corresponding velocity grid map (40 mm × 40 mm). (C) Drilling resistance amplitude (%) profiles. (D) Surface of disk cross section. (E) Penetration depth (mm) for Acacia confusa No. 47.

  • Figure 4.
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    Figure 4.

    (A) Transverse stress wave velocity tomography (green-yellow-red). (B) Corresponding velocity grid map (40 mm × 40 mm). (C) Drilling resistance amplitude (%) profiles. (D) Surface of disk cross section. (E) Penetration depth (mm) for Acacia confusa No. 86.

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    Figure 5.

    Photos of sapwood (SW), heartwood (HW), undamaged (UDW), decayed (DW), and CODIT wood in cross-sectional surfaces.

Tables

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    Table 1.

    Transverse stress wave velocities (m/s) in tomographies of 3 different decay-damaged Acacia confusa trees. V (velocity); DP (decay percentage).

    No.Diameter (cm)VmaxVmeanVminDP (%) [< 1,400 m/s]
    5146.21,5701,21669968.4
    4743.01,9151,13176685.0
    8633.81,7281,22876965.4
    • Vmax, maximum stress wave velocity; Vmean, mean stress wave velocity; Vmin, minimum stress wave velocity.

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    Table 2.

    Drilling resistance amplitude (%) of 3 different decay-damaged Acacia confusa trees. UDW (undamaged wood); DW (decayed wood); DP (decay percentage).

    No.PositionUDWDWSignificantDW × 0.7DP (%)
    51N41.2 (16.5)*18.3 (2.0)< 0.0128.876.8
    W41.2 (16.5)23.2 (7.8)< 0.0128.8
    S33.5 (10.5)7.0 (3.7)< 0.0123.5
    EX2.6 (2.4)< 0.01X
    47N50.0 (15.7)27.0 (6.5)< 0.0135.061.7
    W43.5 (14.6)15.6 (2.9)< 0.0130.5
    S43.2 (13.2)8.5 (4.1)< 0.0130.2
    E41.1 (15.4)21.0 (3.9)< 0.0128.8
    86N51.1 (7.9)13.5 (1.5)< 0.0135.867.3
    W34.9 (6.7)8.0 (1.6)< 0.0124.4
    S45.1 (10.4)10.4 (1.8)< 0.0131.6
    E38.5 (12.2)4.3 (1.8)< 0.0127.0
    • ↵* Number in parentheses is standard deviation; P-value by t-test.

    • View popup
    Table 3.

    Penetration depth (mm) in disc cross section of 3 different decay-damaged Acacia confusa trees using Pilodyn. UDW (undamaged wood); DW (decayed wood); DP (decay percentage).

    No.UDWDWSignificantDW × 0.7DP (%)
    5111.30 (3.02)*36.48 (7.66)< 0.0125.567.7
    479.49 (1.47)41.16 (5.10)< 0.0128.851.1
    8610.50 (2.83)42.64 (0.99)< 0.0129.860.9
    • ↵* Number in parentheses is standard deviation; P-value by t-test

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Arboriculture & Urban Forestry: 51 (2)
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF)
Vol. 51, Issue 2
March 2025
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Detection of Ganoderma australe Decay in Three Acacia confusa Trees: A Case Study
Cheng-Jung Lin, Po-Hong Lin, Chieh-Yu Chang, Qi-Zhu Gong
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) Mar 2025, 51 (2) 154-168; DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2025.003

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Detection of Ganoderma australe Decay in Three Acacia confusa Trees: A Case Study
Cheng-Jung Lin, Po-Hong Lin, Chieh-Yu Chang, Qi-Zhu Gong
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) Mar 2025, 51 (2) 154-168; DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2025.003
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Keywords

  • Nondestructive Testing
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