Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Bending stress loss (%) across trenching treatments. Thirty Acer rubrum L. trees were randomly assigned to one of three trenching treatments: trenching at a distance of 1× tree’s diameter at breast height (DBH), 3× DBH, and 5× DBH away from the base of the trunk. Trees were pulled to 1° in the direction opposite the trenching damage. Error bars depict 95% confidence intervals.
