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- Published online January 1, 2025.
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- previous version (October 25, 2024 - 07:46).
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© 2025 International Society of Arboriculture
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- Center for Tree Science The Morton Arboretum Lisle, IL, USA
- Center for Tree Science The Morton Arboretum Lisle, IL, USA
- Center for Tree Science The Morton Arboretum Lisle, IL, USA The Bartlett Tree Research Laboratories Charlotte, NC, USA
- Center for Tree Science The Morton Arboretum Lisle, IL, USA
- Center for Tree Science The Morton Arboretum Lisle, IL, USA
- (corresponding author) lmccormack{at}mortonarb.org