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Pest Species: Schlzura concinna (Smith) (red-humped caterpillar) Lepidoptera: Notodontidae Natural Enemies Type of natural enemy1 Order: Family Reference code2 Actia pilipennis Robineau-Desvoidy Pr Diptera: Tachinidae W2 Apanteles sp. Pr Hymenoptera: Braconidae V2 Apantθles schizurae Ashmead Pr Hymenoptera: Braconidae P4 Apanteles nigrorufus Norton Pr Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae S2 Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner Pt Eubacteriales: Bacillaceae P4 Campoplex guignardii (Say) Pr Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae T5.1 Campoplex oedemas?ae Ashmead Pr Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae B11 Chrysopa carnea Stephens Pd Neuroptera: Chrysopidae P4 Compsilura concìnnata Meigen Pr Diptera: Tachinidae W4 Enicospilus purgatus (Say) Pr Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae T5.1 Enicospilus purgatus arcuatus (Say) Pr Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae S2 Eulimnerium sp. Pr Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae V2 Eulimnerium validum Cresson Pr Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae W4 Exorista larvarum (Linneaus) Pr Diptera: Tachinidae S2 Gymnophthalma (Actia) americana (Townsend) Pr Diptera: Tachinidae W4,S2 Hyposoter clisiocampe Weed Pr Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae S2 Hyposoter fugitivus (Say) Pr Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae S2,W4 Microgaster schizurae (Muesbeck) Pr Hymenoptera: Braconidae M13 Phorocera claripennis Macquart Pr Diptera: Tachinidae W4,S2 Phorocera erecta Coquillett Pr Diptera: Tachinidae W4 Winthemia datanae (Townsend) Pr Diptera: Tachinidae S2 Winthemia quadripustulata (Fabricius) Pr Diptera: Tachinidae W4 ↵1 PR = parasite, Pd = predator, Pt = pathogen, and 2°Pr = secondary parasite
↵2 B11 Brewer, M., K. Nauman. 1971. On the biology of Parasierolla nigrifemur (Bethylidae), larval ectoparasite of fìhyacionia buollana. Acto. Zool.: Lilloana 26(11): 159-178.
M13 Muesbeck, C.F.W. et. al. 1951. Hymenoptera of American North of Mexico-Synoptic Catalog. USDA Monogr. 2.
P4 Pinnock, D.E., R.J. Brand, J.E. Milstead, N.F. Coe. 1974a. Suppression of populations of Aphis gossypii and A. spiraecola by soap sprays. J. Econ. Ent. 67(6): 783-784.
S2 Schaffner, J.V., C.L. Griswold. 1934. Macrolepidoptera and their parasites reared from collections in the northeastern U.S. USDA Misc. Publ. 188.
T5.1 Treherne, R.C. 1915. A preliminary list of parasitic insects known to occur in Canada. 46th Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Toronto, pp. 178-193.
V2 Vosler, E.J. 1913. The red-humped caterpillar. Monthly Bull. State Comm. Hort. Sacramento 2(9): 654-657.
W2 Walton, W.R. 1914. Four new species of Tachinidae from North America. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 14(2): 90-95.
W4 Webber, R.T., J.V. Schaffner. 1926. Host relations of Compsilura concinnata Meig., an important Tachinid parasite of the gypsy moth and the brown-tailed moth. USCA Dept. Bull. 1363.
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