Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) incidence in protected environments and full sun. Averages followed by equal lower-case letters do not differ from each other by the Tukey test at 5% probability. CV = coefficient of variation. Vertical bars correspond to standard error.
- Figure 2.
Distribution of shoot (SDM) and root (RDM) dry matter in the greenhouse on a bench with reflective material (GHR) and without reflective material (GH); in the environment with aluminized screen on a bench with reflective material (ALR) and without reflective material (AL); in the screenhouse with a black screen of 30% shading on a bench with reflective material (S30R) and without reflective material (S30); and in the screen house with a black screen of 18% shading on a bench with reflective material (S18R) and without reflective material (S18).
Tables
- Table 1.
Mean square error (MSE) and ratio between the largest and smallest mean square error (RMSE) for the variables of seedling height (SH), number of leaves (NL), and stem diameter (SD) at 40, 55, and 70 days after sowing (1, 2, and 3, respectively), shoot dry matter (SDM), root dry matter (RDM), ratio between SDM and RDM (S:R), total dry mass (TDM), ratio between SH and SD (H:D) at 40, 55, and 70 days after sowing (1, 2, and 3, respectively), ratio between SH and SDM (H:S), Dickson quality index (DQI), absolute growth rate between SH1 and SH2 (AGR12), absolute growth rate between SH2 and SH3 (AGR23), and absolute growth rate between SH1 and SH3 (AGR13) of oiti seedlings.
MSE Environment SH1 SH2 SH3 NL1 NL2 NL3 SD1 SD2 Greenhouse 42%/50% 15.281 11.750 8.020 0.813 0.983 0.386 0.053 0.030 Aluminized screen 35% 16.948 23.786 10.553 0.247 0.820 2.599 0.008 0.066 Screenhouse 30% 22.115 7.460 6.058 0.509 0.628 0.573 0.100 0.090 Screenhouse 18% 60.417 1.973 1.430 0.531 1.053 1.803 0.143 0.131 RMSE 3.95 12.06 7.38 3.29 1.68 6.73 18.00 4.44 Environment SD3 SDM RDM S:R TDM H:D1 H:D2 H:D3 Greenhouse 42%/50% 0.013 0.743 0.209 0.087 1.487 0.847 0.465 0.388 Aluminized screen 35% 0.061 0.435 0.042 0.122 0.517 0.941 0.458 0.347 Screenhouse 30% 0.085 0.259 0.147 0.041 0.750 1.025 0.068 0.194 Screenhouse 18% 0.030 0.661 0.129 0.367 0.976 3.859 0.470 0.113 RMSE 6.56 2.86 4.95 9.01 2.88 4.56 6.94 3.45 Environment H:S DQI AGR12 AGR23 AGR13 Greenhouse 42%/50% 2.44 0.015 0.045 0.017 0.013 Aluminized screen 35% 1.25 0.005 0.076 0.024 0.012 Screenhouse 30% 0.29 0.007 0.103 0.027 0.044 Screenhouse 18% 2.16 0.009 0.312 0.010 0.075 RMSE 7.50 2.96 6.96 2.64 6.29 - Table 2.
Analysis of variance for seedling height at 40 (SH1) days after sowing (DAS), number of leaves at 40 (NL1), 55 (NL2), and 70 (NL3) DAS, stem diameter at 55 (SD2) and 70 (SD3) DAS, shoot dry matter (SDM), root dry matter (RDM), total dry matter (TDM), ratio between seedling height and stem diameter at 40 (H:D1), 55 (H:D2), and 70 (H:D3) DAS, Dickson quality index (DQI), absolute growth rate between seedling height at 40 DAS and 55 DAS (AGR12), absolute growth rate between seedling height at 55 and 70 DAS (AGR23), and absolute growth rate between seedling height at 40 and 70 DAS (AGR13) of oiti seedlings. A = environment; B = cultivation bench; A × B = interaction between environment and cultivation bench; ns = not significant; * = significant at 5%; ** = significant at 1%; CV = coefficient of variation.
SH1 NL1 NL2 NL3 SD2 SD3 SDM RDM A * ns ns ns * ns ns ** B ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns A × B ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns CV (%) 35.6 53.9 11.2 11.3 6.2 4.4 13.9 16.6 TDM H:D1 H:D2 H:D3 DQI AGR12 AGR23 AGR13 A * ns ** ** * ** ** ** B ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns A × B ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns CV (%) 13.1 35.0 7.7 5.9 14.4 26.7 27.9 20.23 - Table 3.
Seedling height at 40 days after sowing (SH1), number of leaves at 40, 55, and 70 days after sowing (NL1, NL2, and NL3, respectively), stem diameter at 55 and 70 days after sowing (SD2 and SD3, respectively), shoot dry matter (SDM), root dry matter (RDM), total dry matter (TDM), ratio between seedling height and stem diameter at 40, 55, and 70 days after sowing (H:D1, H:D2, and H:D3, respectively), Dickson quality index (DQI), absolute growth rate between SH1 and SH2 (AGR12), absolute growth rate between SH2 and SH3 (AGR23), and absolute growth rate between SH1 and SH3 (AGR13) of oiti seedlings. CV = coefficient of variation.
Environment SH1 (cm) NL1 NL2 NL3 SD2 (mm) SD3 (mm) Greenhouse 42%/50% 14.1 ab 1.38 a 8.70 a 10.51 a 4.56 ab 4.93 a Aluminized screen 35% 18.7 a 1.60 a 8.30 a 9.88 a 4.64 a 4.93 a Screenhouse 30% 17.2 ab 1.60 a 8.46 a 9.63 a 4.61 ab 5.09 a Screenhouse 18% 10.3 b 0.81 a 7.83 a 10.99 a 4.24 b 4.86 a Cultivation bench Without reflective material 15.7 a 1.39 a 8.27 a 10.23 a 4.57 a 4.95 a With reflective material 14.4 a 1.30 a 8.38 a 10.26 a 4.46 a 4.95 a CV (%) 35.6 53.9 11.2 11.3 6.2 4.4 Environment SDM (g) RDM (g) TDM (g) H:D1 H:D2 H:D3 Greenhouse 42%/50% 5.46 a 2.53 a 8.00 a 3.36 a 8.43 a 9.58 a Aluminized screen 35% 4.97 a 2.00 bc 6.97 ab 4.47 a 7.02 b 8.38 b Screenhouse 30% 5.55 a 2.44 ab 7.99 a 4.19 a 8.29 a 8.46 b Screenhouse 18% 4.85 a 1.678 c 6.62 b 2.77 a 7.82 ab 8.49 b Cultivation bench Without reflective material 5.18 a 2.18 a 7.35 a 3.90 a 7.93 a 8.75 a With reflective material 5.24 a 2.19 a 7.43 a 3.49 a 7.85 a 8.71 a CV (%) 13.9 16.6 13.1 35.0 7.7 5.9 Environment DQI AGR12 (cm day−1) AGR23 (cm day−1) AGR13 (cm day−1) Greenhouse 42%/50% 0.68 ab 1.63 a 0.58 a 1.10 a Aluminized screen 35% 0.64 ab 0.94 b 0.57 a 0.75 b Screenhouse 30% 0.74 a 1.40 ab 0.33 b 0.86 ab Screenhouse 18% 0.59 b 1.51 a 0.55 a 1.03 a Cultivation bench Without reflective material 0.66 a 1.37 a 0.47 a 0.92 a With reflective material 0.67 a 1.38 a 0.54 a 0.96 a CV (%) 14.4 26.7 27.9 20.23 Equal lowercase letters in the column for each variable do not differ by Tukey test at 5% probability for cultivation environments and F-test for cultivation benches.
- Table 4.
Seedling height at 55 and 70 days after sowing (SH2 and SH3, respectively), stem diameter at 40 days after sowing (SD1), ratio between shoot and root dry matter (S:R), and ratio between seedling height and shoot dry matter (H:S) of oiti seedlings on benches with (RM) and without (WRM) reflective material (Aluminet®) in different cultivation environments. CV = coefficient of variation.
SH2 (cm) SH3 (cm) SD1 (mm) S:R H:S Agricultural greenhouse with 42%/50% shading screen under the film WRM 38.22 a 47.02 a 4.30 a 2.20 a 9.30 a RM 38.75 a 47.35 a 4.10 a 2.16 a 8.35 a CV (%) 8.91 6.00 5.50 13.52 17.71 Aluminized screen with 35% shading WRM 34.57 a 41.17 a 4.17 a 2.40 a 8.0 a RM 31.07 a 41.42 a 4.20 a 2.63 a 9.0 a CV (%) 14.86 7.87 2.12 13.88 13.26 Black screen with 30% shading WRM 37.55 a 42.60 a 3.90 a 2.30 a 8.27 a RM 38.77 a 43.47 a 4.30 a 2.28 a 7.35 a CV (%) 7.16 5.72 7.71 8.79 6.7 Black screen with 18% shading WRM 34.07 a 42.25 a 3.67 a 2.72 a 8.48 a RM 37.87 a 40.07 b 3.62 a 2.87 a 8.91 a CV (%) 7.16 2.90 10.34 21.66 16.91 Equal lowercase letters in the column for each variable do not differ from each other by the F-test at 5% probability.
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