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Research ArticleArticles

Hardscape of Soil Surface Surrounding Urban Trees Alters Stem Carbon Dioxide Efflux

Thomas E. Marler
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) May 2023, 49 (3) 137-143; DOI: https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2023.010
Thomas E. Marler
Bagong Kaalaman Botanikal Institute, 15 Rizal Street, Barangay Malabañas, Angeles City, Philippines, P.O. Box 23893, Barrigada, Guam, 671-777-5068
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  • Figure 1.
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    Figure 1.

    Boles of 8 trees from the urban forest in Angeles City, Philippines surrounded by hardscape. (A) Acacia auriculiformis; (B) Albizia saman; (C) Mangifera indica; (D) Manilkara zapota; (E) Premna odorata; (F) Spathodea campanulata; (G) Swietenia macrophylla; (H) Terminalia catappa.

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    Figure 2.

    The diel cycle of stem carbon dioxide efflux for 8 tree species from the urban forest in Angeles City, Philippines in November 2021. Each circle marker is a mean of 3 measurements. (A) Acacia auriculiformis; (B) Albizia saman; (C) Mangifera indica; (D) Manilkara zapota; (E) Premna odorata; (F) Spathodea campanulata; (G) Swietenia macrophylla; (H) Terminalia catappa.

Tables

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    Table 1.

    Tree height and bole diameter (measured at 30 to 40 cm high) for 8 tree species growing in Angeles City, Philippines in November 2021. H = hardscape cover; GM = grass or mulch cover.

    SpeciesFamilyH height (m)GM height (m)H diameter (cm)GM diameter (cm)
    Acacia auriculiformisFabaceae12.412.53839
    Albizia samanFabaceae14.514.48382
    Mangifera indicaAnacardiaceae10.610.23435
    Manilkara zapotaSapotaceae8.48.23736
    Premna odorataLamiaceae8.88.64241
    Spathodea campanulataBignoniaceae7.98.13739
    Swietenia macrophyllaMeliaceae9.29.43840
    Terminalia catappaCombretaceae8.58.33738
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    Table 2.

    Environmental characteristics of 8 tree species growing in Angeles City, Philippines in November 2021. HR = hour; RH = relative humidity.

    SpeciesSunrise (HR)Sunset (HR)Maximum RH (%)Minimum RH (%)Maximum temperature (°C)Minimum temperature (°C)
    Acacia auriculiformis05:5517:27895932.825.0
    Albizia saman05:5317:28946228.923.9
    Mangifera indica05:5717:25946830.025.6
    Manilkara zapota05:5717:25946830.025.6
    Premna odorata05:5517:27895932.825.0
    Spathodea campanulata05:5717:25946830.025.6
    Swietenia macrophylla05:5317:28946228.923.9
    Terminalia catappa05:5517:27895932.825.0
    • View popup
    Table 3.

    Factorial ANOVA values for F-test and associated P-value for the main factor of soil surface type (S), the main factor of day versus night (T), and the interaction between the 2 factors (S × T).

    SpeciesSurface type F1,12Surface type PTime of day F1,12Time of day PS × T F1,12S × T P
    Acacia auriculiformis4.390.058233.88< 0.0018.960.011
    Albizia saman32.39< 0.0011217.20< 0.00144.63< 0.001
    Mangifera indica2082.69< 0.001122.08< 0.001122.08< 0.001
    Manilkara zapota2499.43< 0.001168.00< 0.001192.86< 0.001
    Premna odorata1344.14< 0.00189.29< 0.00189.29< 0.001
    Spathodea campanulata3051.92< 0.001387.92< 0.001467.31< 0.001
    Swietenia macrophylla1098.69< 0.001144.23< 0.001122.08< 0.001
    Terminalia catappa1382.40< 0.00186.40< 0.00160.00< 0.001
    • View popup
    Table 4.

    The percentage increase in daytime stem carbon dioxide efflux (Es) above that of night-time Es for 8 tree species growing in Angeles City, Philippines in November 2021.

    SpeciesGrass or mulchHardscape
    Acacia auriculiformis39%50%
    Albizia saman29%78%
    Mangifera indica29%55%
    Manilkara zapota61%112%
    Premna odorata50%79%
    Spathodea campanulata42%95%
    Swietenia macrophylla29%56%
    Terminalia catappa38%56%
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Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF): 49 (3)
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF)
Vol. 49, Issue 3
May 2023
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Hardscape of Soil Surface Surrounding Urban Trees Alters Stem Carbon Dioxide Efflux
Thomas E. Marler
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) May 2023, 49 (3) 137-143; DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2023.010

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Hardscape of Soil Surface Surrounding Urban Trees Alters Stem Carbon Dioxide Efflux
Thomas E. Marler
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) May 2023, 49 (3) 137-143; DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2023.010
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Keywords

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