Evaluation of Stem-Injected TREE-äge® (4% Emamectin Benzoate) for Protecting Western White Pines (Pinus monticola) from Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

Joseph J. Doccola; Sheri L. Smith; Joseph B. Fischer; Brian L. Strom

doi:10.48044/jauf.2020.024

LITERATURE CITED

↵
1. Basham HG
. 1970. Wilt of loblolly pine inoculated with blue-stain fungi of the genus Ceratocystis. Phytopathology. 60:750-754.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Bentz BJ
. 2006. Mountain pine beetle population sampling: inferences from Lindgren pheromone traps and tree emergence cages. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 36(2):351-360.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Burns RM,
2. Honkala BH
. 1990. Volume 1: conifers. Silvics of North America. Agriculture Handbook 654. Washington (DC, USA): US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 675 p.
↵
1. Fettig CJ,
2. Allen KK,
3. Borys RR,
4. Christopherson J,
5. Dabney CP,
6. Eager TJ,
7. Gibson KE,
8. Hebertson EG,
9. Long DF,
10. Munson AS,
11. Shea PJ,
12. Smith SL,
13. Haverty MI
. 2006. Effectiveness of bifenthrin (Onyx) and carbaryl (Sevin SL) for protecting individual, high-value conifers from bark beetle attack (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in the western United States. Journal of Economic Entomology. 99:1691-1698.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
↵
1. Fettig CJ,
2. McKelvey SR,
3. Borys RR,
4. Dabney CP,
5. Hamud SM,
6. Nelson LJ,
7. Seybold SJ
. 2009. Efficacy of verbenone for protecting ponderosa pine stands from western pine beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) attack in California. Journal of Economic Entomology. 102:1846-1858.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
↵
1. Franceschi VR,
2. Krokene P,
3. Christiansen E,
4. Krekling T
. 2005. Anatomical and chemical defenses of conifer bark beetles and other pests. New Phytologist. 167:353-376.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science
↵
1. Furniss RL,
2. Carolin VM
. 1977. Western forest insects. Washington (DC, USA): US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. Miscellaneous Publication No. 1339. 654 p.
↵
1. Gillette NE,
2. Kegley SJ,
3. Costello SL,
4. Mori SR,
5. Webster JN,
6. Mehmel CJ,
7. Wood DL
. 2014. Efficacy of verbenone and green leaf volatiles for protecting whitebark and limber pines from attack by mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Environmental Entomology. 43:1019-1026.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
↵
1. Grosman DM,
2. Clarke SR,
3. Upton WW
. 2009. Efficacy of two systemic insecticides injected into loblolly pine for protection against southern pine bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 102:1062-1069.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
↵
1. Grosman DM,
2. Fettig CJ,
3. Jorgensen CL,
4. Munson AS
. 2010. Efficacy of two systemic insecticides for protection of western conifers against Dendroctonus bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). Western Journal of Applied Forestry. 25:181-185.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Grosman DM,
2. Upton WW
. 2006. Efficacy of systemic insecticides for protection of loblolly pine against southern pine engraver beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and wood borers (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 99:94-101.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
↵
1. Grosman DM,
2. Upton WW,
3. McCook FA,
4. Billings RF
. 2002. Systemic insecticide injections for control of cone and seed insects in loblolly pine seed orchards—2 year results. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry. 26:146-152.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Haverty MI,
2. Shea PJ,
3. Hall RC
. 1985. Effective residual life of carbaryl for protecting ponderosa pine from attack by the western pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 78:197-199.
OpenUrl CrossRef
↵
1. Haverty MI,
2. Shea PJ,
3. Hoffman JT,
4. Wenz JM,
5. Gibson KE
. 1998. Effectiveness of esfenvalerate, cyfluthrin, and carbaryl in protecting individual lodgepole pines and ponderosa pines from attack by Dendroctonus spp. Albany (CA, USA): US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. Research Paper PSW-RP-237. 12 p.
↵
1. Coulson RN,
2. Klepzig KD
1. Hofstetter RW
. 2011. Mutualists and phoronts of the southern pine beetle. In: Coulson RN, Klepzig KD, editors. Southern pine beetle II. Asheville (NC, USA): US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. GTR-SRS-140. p. 161-181.
↵
1. Kegley S,
2. Gibson K
. 2009. Individual-tree tests of verbenone and green-leaf volatiles to protect lodgepole, whitebark and ponderosa pines, 2004–2007. Missoula (MT, USA): US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Forest Health Protection Numbered Report 09-03. 12 p.
↵
1. Coulson RN,
2. Klepzig KD
1. Klepzig KD,
2. Hofstetter RW
. 2011. From attack to emergence: interactions between southern pine beetle, mites, microbes, and trees. In: Coulson RN, Klepzig KD, editors. Southern pine beetle II. Asheville (NC, USA): US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. GTR-SRS-140. p. 141-152.
↵
1. Mathre DE
. 1964. Effects of Ceratocystis ips and C. minor on the free sugar pool in ponderosa sapwood. Contribution of the Boyce Thompson Institute. 22:509-512.
OpenUrl
↵
1. McCullough D,
2. Poland TM,
3. Anulewicz AC,
4. Lewis P,
5. Cappaert D
. 2011. Evaluation of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) control provided by emamectin benzoate and two neonicotinoid insecticides, one and two seasons after treatment. Journal of Economic Entomology. 104(5):1599-1612.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
↵
1. Progar RA
. 2005. Five-year operational trial of verbenone to deter mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae; Coleoptera: Scolytidae) attack on lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta). Environmental Entomology. 34:1402-1407.
OpenUrl CrossRef
↵
1. Shea PJ,
2. Haverty MI,
3. Hall RC
. 1984. Effectiveness of fenitrothion and permethrin for protecting ponderosa pine trees from attack by the western pine beetle. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society. 19:427-433.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Shepherd RF
. 1965. Distribution of attacks by Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk. on Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm. The Canadian Entomologist. 97(2):207-215.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Shigo AL
. 1989. A new tree biology: facts, photos and philosophies on trees. 2nd Ed. Snohomish (WA, USA): Shigo and Trees, Associates. 619 p.
↵
1. Shigo AL
. 1991. Modern arboriculture: a systems approach to the care of trees and their associates. 1st Ed. Snohomish (WA, USA): Shigo and Trees, Associates. 424 p.
↵
1. Shrimpton DM
. 1973. Age- and size-related response of lodgepole pine to inoculation with Europhium clavigerum. Canadian Journal of Botany. 51:1155-1160.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Smitley DR,
2. Doccola JJ,
3. Cox DL
. 2010. Multiple-year protection of ash trees from emerald ash borer with a single trunk injection of emamectin benzoate, and single-year protection with an imidacloprid basal drench. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry. 36(5):206-211.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Strobel GA,
2. Sugawara F
. 1986. The pathogenicity of Ceratocystis montia to lodgepole pine. Canadian Journal of Botany. 64:113-116.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Strom BL,
2. Clarke SR,
3. Shea PJ
. 2004. Efficacy of 4-allylanisole-based products for protecting individual loblolly pines from Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 34:659-665.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Takai K,
2. Suzuki T,
3. Kawazu K
. 2003. Distribution and persistence of emamectin benzoate at efficacious concentrations in pine tissues after injection of a liquid formulation. Pest Management Science. 60:42-48.
OpenUrl
↵
1. USDA Forest Service
. 2008. Aerial detection survey: 2008 results. Washington (DC, USA): USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region. [Accessed 2014 March 18]. https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/r5/forest-grasslandhealth/?cid=fsbdev3_046623
↵
1. USDA Forest Service
. 2015. Bark beetles in California conifers: are your trees susceptible? Washington (DC, USA): USDA Forest Service. Pub. R5-PR-033. 12 p. [Accessed 2019 Aug 26]. https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5384837.pdf
↵
1. Wyka SA,
2. Doccola JJ,
3. Strom BL,
4. Smith SL,
5. McPherson DW,
6. Aćimović SG,
7. Klepzig KD
. 2016. Effects of Grosmannia clavigera on western white pine seedlings and the fungicidal activity of Alamo^®, Arbotect^®, and TREE-äge^®. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry. 42(2):84-94.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Yamaoka Y,
2. Hiratsuka Y,
3. Maruyama PJ
. 1995. The ability of Ophiostoma clavigerum to kill mature lodgepole pine trees. European Journal of Forest Pathology. 25:401-404.
OpenUrl

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Keywords

[1] ↵
Basham HG
. 1970. Wilt of loblolly pine inoculated with blue-stain fungi of the genus Ceratocystis. Phytopathology. 60:750-754.
OpenUrl

[2] Basham HG

[3] ↵
Bentz BJ
. 2006. Mountain pine beetle population sampling: inferences from Lindgren pheromone traps and tree emergence cages. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 36(2):351-360.
OpenUrl

[4] Bentz BJ

[5] ↵
Burns RM,
Honkala BH
. 1990. Volume 1: conifers. Silvics of North America. Agriculture Handbook 654. Washington (DC, USA): US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 675 p.

[6] Burns RM,

[7] Honkala BH

[8] ↵
Fettig CJ,
Allen KK,
Borys RR,
Christopherson J,
Dabney CP,
Eager TJ,
Gibson KE,
Hebertson EG,
Long DF,
Munson AS,
Shea PJ,
Smith SL,
Haverty MI
. 2006. Effectiveness of bifenthrin (Onyx) and carbaryl (Sevin SL) for protecting individual, high-value conifers from bark beetle attack (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in the western United States. Journal of Economic Entomology. 99:1691-1698.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[9] Fettig CJ,

[10] Allen KK,

[11] Borys RR,

[12] Christopherson J,

[13] Dabney CP,

[14] Eager TJ,

[15] Gibson KE,

[16] Hebertson EG,

[17] Long DF,

[18] Munson AS,

[19] Shea PJ,

[20] Smith SL,

[21] Haverty MI

[22] ↵
Fettig CJ,
McKelvey SR,
Borys RR,
Dabney CP,
Hamud SM,
Nelson LJ,
Seybold SJ
. 2009. Efficacy of verbenone for protecting ponderosa pine stands from western pine beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) attack in California. Journal of Economic Entomology. 102:1846-1858.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[23] Fettig CJ,

[24] McKelvey SR,

[25] Borys RR,

[26] Dabney CP,

[27] Hamud SM,

[28] Nelson LJ,

[29] Seybold SJ

[30] ↵
Franceschi VR,
Krokene P,
Christiansen E,
Krekling T
. 2005. Anatomical and chemical defenses of conifer bark beetles and other pests. New Phytologist. 167:353-376.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science

[31] Franceschi VR,

[32] Krokene P,

[33] Christiansen E,

[34] Krekling T

[35] ↵
Furniss RL,
Carolin VM
. 1977. Western forest insects. Washington (DC, USA): US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. Miscellaneous Publication No. 1339. 654 p.

[36] Furniss RL,

[37] Carolin VM

[38] ↵
Gillette NE,
Kegley SJ,
Costello SL,
Mori SR,
Webster JN,
Mehmel CJ,
Wood DL
. 2014. Efficacy of verbenone and green leaf volatiles for protecting whitebark and limber pines from attack by mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Environmental Entomology. 43:1019-1026.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[39] Gillette NE,

[40] Kegley SJ,

[41] Costello SL,

[42] Mori SR,

[43] Webster JN,

[44] Mehmel CJ,

[45] Wood DL

[46] ↵
Grosman DM,
Clarke SR,
Upton WW
. 2009. Efficacy of two systemic insecticides injected into loblolly pine for protection against southern pine bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 102:1062-1069.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[47] Grosman DM,

[48] Clarke SR,

[49] Upton WW

[50] ↵
Grosman DM,
Fettig CJ,
Jorgensen CL,
Munson AS
. 2010. Efficacy of two systemic insecticides for protection of western conifers against Dendroctonus bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). Western Journal of Applied Forestry. 25:181-185.
OpenUrl

[51] Grosman DM,

[52] Fettig CJ,

[53] Jorgensen CL,

[54] Munson AS

[55] ↵
Grosman DM,
Upton WW
. 2006. Efficacy of systemic insecticides for protection of loblolly pine against southern pine engraver beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and wood borers (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 99:94-101.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[56] Grosman DM,

[57] Upton WW

[58] ↵
Grosman DM,
Upton WW,
McCook FA,
Billings RF
. 2002. Systemic insecticide injections for control of cone and seed insects in loblolly pine seed orchards—2 year results. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry. 26:146-152.
OpenUrl

[59] Grosman DM,

[60] Upton WW,

[61] McCook FA,

[62] Billings RF

[63] ↵
Haverty MI,
Shea PJ,
Hall RC
. 1985. Effective residual life of carbaryl for protecting ponderosa pine from attack by the western pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 78:197-199.
OpenUrl CrossRef

[64] Haverty MI,

[65] Shea PJ,

[66] Hall RC

[67] ↵
Haverty MI,
Shea PJ,
Hoffman JT,
Wenz JM,
Gibson KE
. 1998. Effectiveness of esfenvalerate, cyfluthrin, and carbaryl in protecting individual lodgepole pines and ponderosa pines from attack by Dendroctonus spp. Albany (CA, USA): US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. Research Paper PSW-RP-237. 12 p.

[68] Haverty MI,

[69] Shea PJ,

[70] Hoffman JT,

[71] Wenz JM,

[72] Gibson KE

[73] ↵
Coulson RN,
Klepzig KD
Hofstetter RW
. 2011. Mutualists and phoronts of the southern pine beetle. In: Coulson RN, Klepzig KD, editors. Southern pine beetle II. Asheville (NC, USA): US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. GTR-SRS-140. p. 161-181.

[74] Coulson RN,

[75] Klepzig KD

[76] Hofstetter RW

[77] ↵
Kegley S,
Gibson K
. 2009. Individual-tree tests of verbenone and green-leaf volatiles to protect lodgepole, whitebark and ponderosa pines, 2004–2007. Missoula (MT, USA): US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Forest Health Protection Numbered Report 09-03. 12 p.

[78] Kegley S,

[79] Gibson K

[80] ↵
Coulson RN,
Klepzig KD
Klepzig KD,
Hofstetter RW
. 2011. From attack to emergence: interactions between southern pine beetle, mites, microbes, and trees. In: Coulson RN, Klepzig KD, editors. Southern pine beetle II. Asheville (NC, USA): US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. GTR-SRS-140. p. 141-152.

[81] Coulson RN,

[82] Klepzig KD

[83] Klepzig KD,

[84] Hofstetter RW

[85] ↵
Mathre DE
. 1964. Effects of Ceratocystis ips and C. minor on the free sugar pool in ponderosa sapwood. Contribution of the Boyce Thompson Institute. 22:509-512.
OpenUrl

[86] Mathre DE

[87] ↵
McCullough D,
Poland TM,
Anulewicz AC,
Lewis P,
Cappaert D
. 2011. Evaluation of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) control provided by emamectin benzoate and two neonicotinoid insecticides, one and two seasons after treatment. Journal of Economic Entomology. 104(5):1599-1612.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[88] McCullough D,

[89] Poland TM,

[90] Anulewicz AC,

[91] Lewis P,

[92] Cappaert D

[93] ↵
Progar RA
. 2005. Five-year operational trial of verbenone to deter mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae; Coleoptera: Scolytidae) attack on lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta). Environmental Entomology. 34:1402-1407.
OpenUrl CrossRef

[94] Progar RA

[95] ↵
Shea PJ,
Haverty MI,
Hall RC
. 1984. Effectiveness of fenitrothion and permethrin for protecting ponderosa pine trees from attack by the western pine beetle. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society. 19:427-433.
OpenUrl

[96] Shea PJ,

[97] Haverty MI,

[98] Hall RC

[99] ↵
Shepherd RF
. 1965. Distribution of attacks by Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk. on Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm. The Canadian Entomologist. 97(2):207-215.
OpenUrl

[100] Shepherd RF

[101] ↵
Shigo AL
. 1989. A new tree biology: facts, photos and philosophies on trees. 2nd Ed. Snohomish (WA, USA): Shigo and Trees, Associates. 619 p.

[102] Shigo AL

[103] ↵
Shigo AL
. 1991. Modern arboriculture: a systems approach to the care of trees and their associates. 1st Ed. Snohomish (WA, USA): Shigo and Trees, Associates. 424 p.

[104] Shigo AL

[105] ↵
Shrimpton DM
. 1973. Age- and size-related response of lodgepole pine to inoculation with Europhium clavigerum. Canadian Journal of Botany. 51:1155-1160.
OpenUrl

[106] Shrimpton DM

[107] ↵
Smitley DR,
Doccola JJ,
Cox DL
. 2010. Multiple-year protection of ash trees from emerald ash borer with a single trunk injection of emamectin benzoate, and single-year protection with an imidacloprid basal drench. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry. 36(5):206-211.
OpenUrl

[108] Smitley DR,

[109] Doccola JJ,

[110] Cox DL

[111] ↵
Strobel GA,
Sugawara F
. 1986. The pathogenicity of Ceratocystis montia to lodgepole pine. Canadian Journal of Botany. 64:113-116.
OpenUrl

[112] Strobel GA,

[113] Sugawara F

[114] ↵
Strom BL,
Clarke SR,
Shea PJ
. 2004. Efficacy of 4-allylanisole-based products for protecting individual loblolly pines from Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 34:659-665.
OpenUrl

[115] Strom BL,

[116] Clarke SR,

[117] Shea PJ

[118] ↵
Takai K,
Suzuki T,
Kawazu K
. 2003. Distribution and persistence of emamectin benzoate at efficacious concentrations in pine tissues after injection of a liquid formulation. Pest Management Science. 60:42-48.
OpenUrl

[119] Takai K,

[120] Suzuki T,

[121] Kawazu K

[122] ↵
USDA Forest Service
. 2008. Aerial detection survey: 2008 results. Washington (DC, USA): USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region. [Accessed 2014 March 18]. https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/r5/forest-grasslandhealth/?cid=fsbdev3_046623

[123] USDA Forest Service

[124] ↵
USDA Forest Service
. 2015. Bark beetles in California conifers: are your trees susceptible? Washington (DC, USA): USDA Forest Service. Pub. R5-PR-033. 12 p. [Accessed 2019 Aug 26]. https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5384837.pdf

[125] USDA Forest Service

[126] ↵
Wyka SA,
Doccola JJ,
Strom BL,
Smith SL,
McPherson DW,
Aćimović SG,
Klepzig KD
. 2016. Effects of Grosmannia clavigera on western white pine seedlings and the fungicidal activity of Alamo^®, Arbotect^®, and TREE-äge^®. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry. 42(2):84-94.
OpenUrl

[127] Wyka SA,

[128] Doccola JJ,

[129] Strom BL,

[130] Smith SL,

[131] McPherson DW,

[132] Aćimović SG,

[133] Klepzig KD

[134] ↵
Yamaoka Y,
Hiratsuka Y,
Maruyama PJ
. 1995. The ability of Ophiostoma clavigerum to kill mature lodgepole pine trees. European Journal of Forest Pathology. 25:401-404.
OpenUrl

[135] Yamaoka Y,

[136] Hiratsuka Y,

[137] Maruyama PJ

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Evaluation of Stem-Injected TREE-äge^® (4% Emamectin Benzoate) for Protecting Western White Pines (Pinus monticola) from Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

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Evaluation of Stem-Injected TREE-äge® (4% Emamectin Benzoate) for Protecting Western White Pines (Pinus monticola) from Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

LITERATURE CITED

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Keywords

Evaluation of Stem-Injected TREE-äge^® (4% Emamectin Benzoate) for Protecting Western White Pines (Pinus monticola) from Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)