Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Comparison of single-vehicle (excluding commercial vehicles and motorcycles) crash types for urban and rural settings. The figure represents 323,581 crash events that occurred in Florida (United States) from 2006 to 2013. Parked car crashes not shown as less than 1% (0.6% for urban and 0.0% for rural).
- Figure 2.
The proportion of tree-related crashes that resulted in no, minor, severe, and fatal injuries. The figure depicts the relative severity of 47,341 tree-related car crashes recorded in Florida (United States) from 2006 to 2013.
Tables
- Table 1.
Predictor variables and the associated levels/baselines used when modeling injury severity for single-vehicle accidents in Florida (United States) from 2006–2013.
Predictor Levels of predictor Base level for model Gender Female
MaleFemale Age Continuous variable None Seatbelt use Yes
NoNo Airbag deployed Yes
NoNo Occupant ejected Yes
No
PartiallyNo Drug/Alcohol use Yes
NoNo Estimated speed Continuous variable None Land use Rural
UrbanRural Road type County/State
Forest
Interstate/Tollway
LocalCounty/State Shoulder type Curb
Paved
UnpavedCurb Road surface conditions Dry
Loose
Slippery
Standing waterDry Light conditions Daylight
Dark
Dark w/lighting
Dawn/DuskDaylight Weather conditions Clear
Cloudy
Low visibility
Precipitation
Severe windsClear Crash type Barrier
Ditch
Fence
No fixed object
Other
Pole
Rollover
Sign
Structure
Tree
WaterTree - Table 2.
Factors influencing crash severity (i.e., none vs. minor vs. severe vs. fatal) for single-vehicle crashes. Model derived from 323,581 single-vehicle crash events (not including commercial vehicles and motorcycles) that occurred in Florida (United States) from 2006–2013.
Predictor variable Coefficient Standard error P-value Odds ratio Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI Gender – male −0.4506 0.0115 <0.0001 0.6373 0.6231 0.6518 Age 0.0119 0.0004 <0.0001 1.0120 1.0113 1.0127 Drug/Alcohol use – yes −0.1010 0.0165 <0.0001 0.9039 0.8752 0.9336 Vehicle – truck 0.0692 0.0127 <0.0001 1.0716 1.0454 1.0986 Vehicle – van 0.0585 0.0273 0.0320 1.0602 1.0050 1.0986 Land use – urban −0.0481 0.0128 0.0002 0.9530 0.9294 0.9772 Road – local −0.1819 0.0156 <0.0001 0.8337 0.8087 0.8596 Road – interstate −0.3631 0.0168 <0.0001 0.6955 0.6721 0.7188 Road surface – loose −0.4175 0.0916 <0.0001 0.6587 0.5505 0.7882 Road surface – water −0.2329 0.0219 <0.0001 0.7923 0.7590 0.8270 Shoulder – paved −0.0536 0.0196 0.0062 0.9478 0.9121 0.9849 Shoulder – unpaved 0.0655 0.0176 0.0002 1.0677 1.0315 1.1051 Light conditions – dark w/lights −0.1988 0.0149 <0.0001 0.8198 0.7961 0.8441 Light conditions – dark −0.0791 0.0156 <0.0001 0.9240 0.8961 0.9527 Light conditions – dawn/dusk −0.0761 0.0266 0.0043 0.9267 0.8796 0.9764 Weather – cloudy 0.1246 0.0164 <0.0001 1.1326 1.0969 1.1695 Weather – low visibility 0.1445 0.0548 0.0084 1.1555 1.0378 1.2865 Seatbelt – yes −1.2963 0.0226 <0.0001 0.2735 0.2617 0.2859 Airbag – not deployed −1.1149 0.0122 <0.0001 0.3279 0.3202 0.3359 Ejected – partially 2.5154 0.1134 <0.0001 12.3720 9.9054 15.4525 Ejected – yes 1.8757 0.0538 <0.0001 6.5254 5.8723 7.2512 Crash type – barrier −0.6619 0.0191 <0.0001 0.5159 0.4969 0.5355 Crash type – ditch −0.1412 0.0223 <0.0001 0.8683 0.8312 0.9070 Crash type – fence −0.5793 0.0307 <0.0001 0.5603 0.5276 0.5950 Crash type – no fixed object −0.4855 0.0561 <0.0001 0.6154 0.5514 0.6869 Crash type – other −0.5622 0.0278 <0.0001 0.5700 0.5397 0.6019 Crash type – parked car −0.9448 0.2771 0.0006 0.3888 0.2258 0.6692 Crash type – pole −0.4089 0.0216 <0.0001 0.6644 0.6369 0.6931 Crash type – rollover 0.4120 0.0212 <0.0001 1.5099 1.4483 1.5740 Crash type – sign −0.8497 0.0262 <0.0001 0.4276 0.4061 0.4501 Crash type – structure −0.9076 0.0361 <0.0001 0.4035 0.3759 0.4331 Crash type – water −0.4574 0.0479 <0.0001 0.6329 0.5762 0.6952
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