Monitoring Young Tree Survival with Citizen Scientists: The Evolving Tree Checkers Program in Philadelphia, PA

LITERATURE CITED

1. ↵
   1. Bancks, N.,
   2. E. A. North, and
   3. G.R. Johnson

   . 2018. An analysis of agreement between volunteer and research team collected tree inventory data. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 44:73–86.

   OpenUrl
2. ↵
   1. Boyer, D.J.,
   2. L.A. Roman,
   3. J.G. Henning,
   4. M. McFarland,
   5. D. Dentice,
   6. S.C. Low,
   7. C. Thomas, and
   8. G. Abrams

   . 2016. Data management for urban tree monitoring – software requirements. Azavea, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. 124 pp. <www.azavea.com/reports/urban-tree-monitoring>
3. ↵
   1. Branas, C.C.,
   2. M.C. Kondo,
   3. S.M. Murphy,
   4. E.C. South,
   5. D. Polsky, and
   6. J.M. MacDonald

   . 2016. Urban blight remediation as a cost-beneficial solution to firearm violence. American Journal of Public Health 106:2158–2164.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
4. ↵
   1. Branas, C.C.,
   2. R.A. Cheney,
   3. J.M. MacDonald,
   4. V.M. Tam,
   5. T.D. Jackson, and
   6. T.R. Ten Have

   . 2011. A difference-in-difference analysis of health, safety, and greening vacant urban space. American Journal of Epidemiology 174:1296–1306.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
5. 1. Buckstrup, M.J., and
   2. N.L. Bassuk

   . 2000. Transplanting success of balled-and-burlapped versus bare-root trees in the urban landscape. Journal of Arboriculture 26:298–308.

   OpenUrl
6. ↵
   1. Campbell, L.K.,
   2. E.S. Svendsen, and
   3. L.A. Roman

   . 2016. Knowledge co-production at the research-practice interface: Embedded case studies from urban forestry. Environmental Management 57:1262–1280.

   OpenUrlPubMed
7. ↵
   1. Crown, C.A.,
   2. B.Z. Greer,
   3. D.M. Gift, and
   4. F.S. Watt

   . 2018. Every tree counts: Reflections on NYC’s third volunteer street tree inventory. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 44:49–58.

   OpenUrl
8. ↵
   1. Fisher, D.R.,
   2. E.S. Svendsen, and
   3. J. Connolly

   . 2015. Urban environmental stewardship and civic engagement: How planting trees strengthens the roots of democracy. Routledge, New York, New York, U.S. 164 pp.
9. ↵
   1. Graham, E.A.,
   2. S. Henderson, and
   3. A. Schloss

   . 2011. Using mobile phones to engage citizen scientists in research. Eos 92:313–315.

   OpenUrl
10. ↵
    1. Hanou, I.

    2016. Online tree planting program software applications. City Trees April 2016:12–14.
11. ↵
    1. Hauer, R.J.,
    2. N. Timilsina,
    3. J. Vogt,
    4. B.C. Fischer,
    5. Z. Wirtz, and
    6. W. Peterson

    . 2018. A volunteer and partnership baseline for municipal forestry activity in the United States. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 44:87–100.

    OpenUrl
12. ↵
    1. Jack-Scott,
    2. E.

    2012. Survival and growth factors affecting community-planted urban street trees. Cities and the Environment 4(1):article 10.

    OpenUrl
13. ↵
    1. Jordan, R.C.,
    2. H.L. Ballard, and
    3. T.B. Phillips

    . 2012. Key issues and new approaches for evaluating citizen-science learning outcomes. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 10:307–309.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
14. ↵
    1. Klimova, B.,
    2. P. Maresova,
    3. H. Tomaskova,
    4. H. Mohelska,
    5. M. Novotny,
    6. M. Penhake, and
    7. K. Kuca

    . 2018. Are healthy older individuals ready to use smartphones? Advanced Science Letters 24:2870–2872.

    OpenUrl
15. ↵
    1. Koeser, A.K.,
    2. E.F. Gilman,
    3. M. Paz, and
    4. C. Harchick

    . 2014. Factors influencing urban tree planting program growth and survival in Florida, United States. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 13:655–661.

    OpenUrl
16. ↵
    1. Kosmala, M.,
    2. A. Wiggins,
    3. A. Swanson, and
    4. B. Simmons

    . 2016. Assessing data quality in citizen science. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 14:551–560.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
17. ↵
    1. Larson, K.I., and
    2. J. Brumand

    2014. Paradoxes in landscape management and water conservation: Examining neighborhood norms and institutional forces. Cities and the Environment 7(1):article 6.

    OpenUrl
18. 1. Levinsson, A.,
    2. A. Fransson, and
    3. T. Emilsson

    . 2017. Investigating the relationship between various measuring methods for determination of establishment success of urban trees. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 28:21–27.

    OpenUrl
19. ↵
    1. Lindenmayer, D.B., and
    2. G.E. Likens

    . 2009. Adaptive monitoring: A new paradigm for long-term research and monitoring. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 42:482–486.

    OpenUrl
20. ↵
    1. McKinley, D.C.,
    2. A.J. Miller-Rushing,
    3. H.L. Ballard,
    4. R. Bonney,
    5. H. Brown,
    6. D.M. Evans, and
    7. R.A. French, et al.

    2015. Investing in citizen science can improve natural resource management and environmental protection. Issues in Ecology 19.
21. ↵
    1. McKinley, D.C.,
    2. R.D. Briggs, and
    3. A.M. Bartuska

    . 2012. When peer-reviewed publications are not enough! Delivering science for natural resource management. Forest Policy and Economics 21:1–11.

    OpenUrl
22. ↵
    1. Newman, G.,
    2. A. Wiggins,
    3. A. Crall,
    4. E. Graham,
    5. S. Newman, and
    6. K. Crowston

    . 2012. The future of citizen science: Emerging technologies and shifting paradigms. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 10:298–304.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
23. ↵
    1. Nguyen, V.D.,
    2. L.A. Roman,
    3. D.H. Locke,
    4. S.K. Mincey,
    5. J.R. Sanders,
    6. E. Smith Fichman,
    7. M. Duran-Mitchell, and
    8. S. Lumban Tobing

    . 2017. Branching out to residential lands: Missions and strategies of five tree distribution programs in the US. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 22:24–35.

    OpenUrl
24. ↵
    1. Pipino, L.L.,
    2. Y.W. Lee, and
    3. R.Y. Wang

    . 2002. Data quality assessment. Communications of the ACM 45:211–218.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
25. ↵
    1. Roman, L.A., and
    2. F.N. Scatena

    . 2011. Street tree survival rates: Meta-analysis of previous studies and application to a field survey in Philadelphia, PA, USA. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 10:269–274.

    OpenUrl
26. ↵
    1. Roman, L.A.,
    2. B.C. Scharenbroch,
    3. J.P.A. Östberg,
    4. L.S. Mueller,
    5. J.G. Henning,
    6. A.W. Koeser,
    7. J.R. Sanders,
    8. D.R. Betz, and
    9. Jordan,
    10. R.C.

    2017. Data quality in citizen science urban tree inventories. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 22:124–135.

    OpenUrl
27. 1. Roman, L.A.,
    2. E.G. McPherson,
    3. B.C. Scharenbroch, and
    4. J. Bartens

    . 2013. Identifying common practices and challenges for local urban tree monitoring programs in the United States. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 39:292–299.

    OpenUrl
28. ↵
    1. Roman, L.A.,
    2. J.J. Battles, and
    3. J.R. McBride

    . 2014a. The balance of planting and mortality in a street tree population. Urban Ecosystems 17:387–404.

    OpenUrl
29. ↵
    1. Roman, L.A.,
    2. J.J. Battles, and
    3. J.R. McBride

    . 2014b. Determinants of establishment survival for residential trees in Sacramento County, CA. Landscape & Urban Planning 129:22–31.

    OpenUrl
30. ↵
    1. Roman, L.A.,
    2. J.J. Battles, and
    3. J.R. McBride

    . 2016. Urban tree mortality: A primer on demographic approaches. GTR NRS-158. Newtown Sq., PA: USDA Forest Service. 24 pp.
31. ↵
    1. Roman, L.A.,
    2. L.A. Walker,
    3. C.M. Martineau,
    4. D.J. Muffly,
    5. S.A. MacQueen, and
    6. W. Harris

    . 2015. Stewardship matters: Case studies in establishment success of urban trees. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 14:1174–1182.

    OpenUrl
32. ↵
    1. Roman, L.A.,
    2. L.K. Campbell, and
    3. R.C. Jordan

    . 2018. Civic science in urban forestry: Engaging the public in data collection, knowledge production, and stewardship. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 44:41-48.

    OpenUrl
33. ↵
    1. Silva, P., and
    2. M.E. Krasny

    . 2014. Parsing participation: Models of engagement for outcomes monitoring in urban stewardship. Local Environment: The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability. <DOI 10.1080/13549839.2014.929094>

    OpenUrlCrossRef
34. ↵
    1. Silvertown, J.

    2009. A new dawn for citizen science. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 24:467–471.

    OpenUrl
35. ↵
    1. Sisser, J.M.,
    2. K.C. Nelson,
    3. K.L. Larson,
    4. L.A. Ogden,
    5. C. Polsky, and
    6. R. Roy Chowdhury

    . 2016. Lawn enforcement: How municipal policies and neighborhood norms influence homeowner residential landscape management. Landscape & Urban Planning 150:16–25.

    OpenUrl
36. ↵
    1. South, E.C.,
    2. B.C. Hohl,
    3. M.C. Kondo,
    4. J.M. MacDonald, and
    5. C.C. Branas

    . 2018. Effect of greening vacant land on mental health of community-dwelling adults: A cluster randomized trial. JAMA Network Open 1:e180298.

    OpenUrl
37. ↵
    1. South, E.C.,
    2. M.C. Kondo,
    3. R.A. Cheney, and
    4. C.C. Branas

    . 2015. Neighborhood blight, stress, and health: A walking trial of urban greening and ambulatory heart rate. American Journal of Public Health 105:909–913.

    OpenUrlPubMed
38. ↵
    1. Starr, J.,
    2. C.M. Schweik,
    3. N. Bush,
    4. L. Fletcher,
    5. J. Finn,
    6. J. Fish, and
    7. C.T. Bargeron

    . 2014. Lights, camera … citizen science: Assessing the effectiveness of smartphone-based video training in invasive plant identification. PLoS ONE 9(11):e111433.

    OpenUrlPubMed
39. ↵
    1. Sullivan, B.L.,
    2. C.L. Wood,
    3. M.J. Illif,
    4. R.E. Bonney,
    5. D. Fink, and
    6. S. Kelling

    . 2009. eBird: A citizen-based bird observation network in the biological sciences. Biological Conservation 142:2282–2292.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
40. ↵
    1. Tulloch, A.I.T.,
    2. H.P. Possingham,
    3. L.N. Joseph,
    4. J. Szabo, and
    5. T.G. Martin

    . 2013. Realizing the full potential of citizen science monitoring programs. Biological Conservation 165:128–138.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
41. 1. U.S. Forest Service

    . 2016a. Charter: Urban field stations in the Northern Research Station, version 1. <www.nrs.fs.fed.us/ufs/local-resources/docs/FINAL-UFS-CHARTER-March-2016.pdf>
42. ↵
    1. U.S. Forest Service

    . 2016b. Forest Inventory and Analysis national urban plot field guide: Field data collection procedures for Urban FIA plots. Version 7.0. USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. <www.nrs.fs.fed.us/fia/urban>
43. ↵
    1. Vogt, J.,
    2. S.L. Watkins,
    3. S. Widney, and
    4. B. Fischer

    . 2015. The need to standardize at-planting data. Arborist News 24(6):26–31.

    OpenUrl
44. 1. Vogt, J.M., and
    2. B.C. Fischer

    . 2014. A protocol for citizen science monitoring of recently-planted urban trees. Cities and the Environment 7(2):article 4.

    OpenUrl
45. ↵
    1. Widney, S.,
    2. B.C. Fischer, and
    3. J. Vogt

    . 2016. Tree mortality undercuts ability of tree-planting programs to provide benefits: Results of a three-city study. Forests 7(65):21.

    OpenUrl