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Tables
- Table 1.
Results from the correlation analysis of tree and soil characteristics of the Bloor Street trees, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, indicating correlation coefficients, with significant values in bold (analysis performed on subsample, n = 57).
Variable Correlation coefficient Mg Na Ca pHz EC DBH Ca 0.18 −0.15 n/a 0.49 0.08 0.38 DBH 0.29 −0.45 0.38 0.08 −0.32 n/a EC −0.58 0.78 0.08 0.05 n/a −0.32 Mg n/a −0.63 0.18 −0.27 −0.58 0.29 Na −0.63 n/a −0.15 0.31 0.78 −0.45 pHz −0.27 0.31 0.49 n/a 0.05 0.08 ↵z Coefficients refer to Spearman’s Rho, since the variable is not normally distributed (i.e., Shapiro-Wilk’s and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests P-value < 0.05)
- Table 2.
Results from contingency analysis between selected tree-habitat characteristics and tree mortality patterns of the Bloor Street trees, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, with significant values in bold (analysis performed on full data set, n = 133).
Variable Measure Frequency of counts (alive / dead) Contingency analysis χ2 P-value Strength of associationz Type of planter Beds 39.4 / 30.6 1.120 0.29 0.92 Pits 60.6 / 69.4 Location of planter North of street 35.3 / 61.3 9.029 0.003 −0.26 South of street 64.8 / 38.7 Tree condition Dead 1.4 / 64.5 72.57 <0.001 0.74 2014 Poor 12.9 / 5.6 Fair 26.8 / 9.7 Good 66.2 / 12.9 Tree damage and signs of stress Trees with cracks (no/yes) 33.8 / 83.3 31.60 <0.001 0.49 Trees with bark peel (no/yes) 21.1 / 43.5 7.701 0.006 0.24 ↵z All values refer to the Phi (φ) measure, except Tree condition 2014, which refers to Cramer’s measure.
- Table 3.
Results from the multi- and univariate means analyses between selected tree-habitat characteristics and tree mortality patterns (alive/dead) of the Bloor Street trees, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, with significant values in bold (analyses performed on subsample, n = 57, except otherwise indicated).
Variable Mean of rating (±standard error) MANOVA Means analysis (P-values) Alive Dead F P-value One-way ANOVA Two-tailed t-test Mann-Whitney test Ca (ppm) 3343.34 (±170.22) 2845.50 (±219.07) 3.31 0.074 0.074 0.079 0.058 DBH (cm) 9.91 (±0.25) 8.46 (±0.29) 4.75 0.034 <0.001z <0.001z 0.002z EC (dS/m) 0.49 (±0.05) 0.69 (±0.07) 5.66 0.021 0.021y 0.017 0.032 Mg (ppm) 187.57 (±10.40) 160.34 (±12.65) 4.21 0.045 0.101 <0.001 0.031 Na (ppm) 570.87 (±71.31) 847.40 (±138.91) 4.63 0.036 0.015y <0.001 0.112 pH 8.23 (±0.14) 8.13 (±0.13) 0.26 0.61 0.61 0.59 0.73 - Table 4.
Results from the multi- and univariate means analyses between selected tree-habitat characteristics and tree condition patterns (dead/poor/fair/good) of the Bloor Street trees, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, with significant values in bold (analyses performed on subsample, n = 57, except otherwise indicated).
Variable Mean of rating (±standard error) MANOVA Means analysis (P-value) Dead (0) Poor (1) Fair (2) Good (3) F P-value One-way ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis Test Ca (ppm) 2,802.96 (±273.86) 4,161.53 (±332.38) 2,989.55 (±350.53) 3,173.23 (±187.27) 2.32 0.085 0.085 0.086 EC (dS/m) 0.85 (±0.09) 0.39 (±0.07) 0.51 (±0.15) 0.47 (±0.03) 6.79 0.001 0.023z 0.006 DBH (cm) 8.06 (±0.41) 10.50 (±0.47) 9.48 (±0.45) 9.72 (±0.25) 3.85 0.015 0.002y < 0.001y Mg (ppm) 149.04 (±17.04) 206.19 (±26.55) 170.67 (±13.56) 186.46 (±11.54) 1.34 0.271 0.179 0.035 Na (ppm) 1,135.05 (±165.48) 233.03 (±77.47) 665.42 (±191.45) 541.11 (±74.47) 6.01 0.001 0.001 0.001 pH 8.27 (±0.15) 8.84 (±0.22) 8.18 (±0.34) 8.07 (±0.14) 1.37 0.26 0.26 0.22 Sunlight average (hr) 4.02 (±0.28) 3.95 (±0.49) 4.01 (±0.35) 2.62 (±0.16) 8.62 <0.001 <0.001y <0.001y Sunlight on March 21 (hr) 1.92 (±0.26) 1.37 (±0.40) 1.89 (±0.32) 1.18 (±0.19) 1.69 0.178 0.082y 0.040y Sunlight range (hr) 4.21 (±0.32) 5.11 (±0.48) 4.35 (±0.46) 2.89 (±0.22) 8.53 <0.001 <0.001y <0.001y - Table 5.
Results from the multi- and univariate means analyses between selected tree-habitat characteristics and type of tree planter (bed/pit) of the Bloor Street trees, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, with significant values in bold (analyses performed on subsample, n = 57, except otherwise indicated).
Variable Mean of rating (±margin of error)z, y MANOVA Means analysis (P-value) Beds Pits F P-Value One-way ANOVA Two-tailed t-test Mann-Whitney test Ca (ppm) 3,156.35 (±227.79) 3,129.45 (±171.73) 0.0078 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.77 EC (dS/m) 0.37 (±0.03) 0.64 (±0.05) 9.85 0.003 0.003y 0.003 0.002 Mg (ppm) 209.32 (±9.42) 162.61 (±10.18) 5.15 0.008 0.008 0.008 <0.001 Na (ppm) 214.64 (±36.13) 880.46 (±84.64) 22.58 <0.001 <0.001y <0.001 <0.001 pH 7.81 (±0.14) 8.34 (±0.12) 6.36 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.012 Sunlight on 21 June (hr) 5.92 (±0.34) 4.97 (±0.24) 5.22 0.023 0.023z 0.023z 0.026z - Table 6.
Results from the multi- and univariate means analyses between selected tree-habitat characteristics and street side (north/south) of the Bloor Street trees, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, with significant values in bold (analyses performed on subsample, n = 57, except otherwise indicated).
Variable Mean of rating (±margin of error) MANOVA Means analysis (P-value)z North South F P-value One-way ANOVA Two-tailed t-test Mann-Whitney test Sunlight average (hr) 4.82 (±0.13) 2.19 (±0.13) 208.72 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Sunlight on 21 March (hr) 2.40(±0.19) 0.79 (±0.14) 45.46 <0.001 <0.001y <0.001 <0.001 Sunlight on 21 June (hr) 4.46 (±0.24) 6.07 (±0.29) 18.57 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Sunlight range (hr) 4.82 (±0.236) 2.83 (±0.20) 41.06 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
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