Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Cumulative rainfall at the experimental site during the summer period, during the years of measurement compared to the average between 1971 and 2000, and difference between rainfall and evapotranspiration.
- Figure 2.
Net photosynthesis per unit leaf area (μmol m−2 s−1) and water use efficiency (μmol CO2 fixed/mmol H2O transpired) in elm growing without mulch or mulched with either 5 cm or 10 cm mulch layer. Data are the average of two sampling dates per year, conducted during the summers of 2009, 2010, and 2011. Different letters within the same sampling date indicate significant differences among treatments at P < 0.01 using Tukey’s HSD test.
Tables
- Table 1.
Soil analysis. Data are the average of five different samples taken in the planting area.
Gravel % Sand Silt Clay Active lime pH Organic matter (%) N (%) K2O (ppm) P2O5 ppm CEC (meq/100 g) C/N 2.0 16.6 53.3 30.1 1.0 8.0 1.5 0.1 132.94 12 25 8.8 - Table 2.
Compost analysis. Data are the average of 10 different samples taken in the compost shipped to the planting area. Volatile solids are the fraction of compost that is lost after 24 hours in oven at 105°C. They include humic and fulvic acids, nonhumic organic matter, and nutrients in volatile forms. Data are expressed over dry matter (DM) of compost.
Humidity (%) Glass and plastic (g/100 g DM) Total carbon (g/100 g DM) Volatile solids (g/100 g DM) Humic and fulvic acids (g/100 g DM) Ashes (g/100 g DM) N (g/100 g DM) P2O5 (g/100 g DM) K2O (g/100 g DM) pH C:N 35.74 1.03 28.29 64.28 11.59 34.69 0.92 0.11 1.70 7.38 30.66 - Table 3.
Shoot growth, trunk diameter (at 130 cm), plant height, average area of one leaf, leaf number per plant, total leaf area per plant, leaf mass per area (LMA), weight of the pruning material after pruning all branches attached in the lowest 2 m of the stem, net photosynthesis (Pn) of the whole canopy, and leaf greenness index of elm trees growing with no mulch or with either 5 cm or 10 cm mulch layer composed of a mix of green material and kitchen wastes. Different letters within the same row indicate significant differences among treatments at P < 0.01 using Tukey’s HSD test.
Parameter Year Treatment Control 5 cm layer 10 cm layer Shoot elongation (cm) 1st year 52.5 b 80.8 a 82.9 a 2nd year 44.11 b 67.77 a 71.02 a 3rd year 31.37 b 38.83 ab 45.37 a Trunk diameter at 130 cm 1st year 1.4 c 1.7 b 2.1 a 2nd year 3.42 b 3.91 b 4.42 a 3rd year 4.95 c 5.59 b 6.37 a Plant height (m) 1st year 3.40 c 4.34 ab 4.65 a 2nd year 5.24 c 5.77 b 6.23 a Leaf area (cm) 1st year 28.61 a 28.72 a 31.96 a 2nd year 31.07 a 31.34 a 33.23 a 3rd year 28.46 a 30.39 a 31.53 a Leaf number/plant 1st year 344.82 b 376.96 b 586.58 a Total leaf area/plant (m2) 1st year 0.98 b 1.08 b 1.87 a LMA (g/m2) 1st year 84.9 a 94.7 a 99.9 a 2nd year 79 a 75 a 77 a 3rd year 113.7 a 113.9 a 115.6 a Pruning weight (g) 2nd year 228.77 b 467.62 a 484.68 a Pn on whole plant basis (g hour−1) 1st year 0.42 b 0.45 b 0.67 a Leaf greenness index (SPAD units) 1st year 39.8 b 44.4 a 45.7 a 2nd year 47.2 b 50.0 a 50.1 a 3rd year 49.7 a 48.4 a 50.0 a
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