Effects of Grosmannia clavigera and Leptographium longiclavatum on Western White Pine Seedlings and the Fungicidal Activity of Alamo®, Arbotect®, and TREE-äge®

Stephen A. Wyka; Joseph J. Doccola; Brian L. Strom; Sheri L. Smith; Douglas W. McPherson; Srđan G. Aćimović; Kier D. Klepzig

doi:10.48044/jauf.2016.007

LITERATURE CITED

↵
1. Adams, A.S., and
2. D.L. Six
. 2007. Temporal variation in mycophagy and prevalence of fungi associated with developmental stages of Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleptera: Curculonidae). Environmental Entomology 36:64–72.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
↵
1. D.L. Kibbee,
2. A.A. Berryman,
3. G.D. Amman, and
4. R.W. Starks
1. Amman, G.D.
1978. Biology, ecology, and causes of outbreaks of the mountain pine beetle in lodgepole pine forests. In theory and practice of mountain pine beetle management in lodgepole pine forests. pp. 39–53. In: D.L. Kibbee, A.A. Berryman, G.D. Amman, and R.W. Starks (Eds.). University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, U.S. Proceedings of a Symposium, 25–27 April 1978, Pullman, Washington, U.S.
↵
1. Amman, G.D.,
2. M.D. McGregor, and
3. R.E. Dolph, Jr.
. 1989. Mountain pine beetle. USDA Forest Insect and Disease Leaflet 2. Washington, D.C.
↵
1. Basham, H.G.
1970. Wilt of loblolly pine inoculated with blue-stain fungi of the genus Ceratocystis. Phytopathology 60:750–754.
OpenUrl
↵
1. T.L. Shore,
2. J.E. Brooks, and
3. J.E. Stone
1. Carroll, A.L.,
2. S.W. Taylor,
3. J. Régnière, and
4. L. Safranyik
. 2003. Effects of climate change on range expansion by the mountain pine beetle in British Columbia. pp. 223–232. In: T.L. Shore, J.E. Brooks, and J.E. Stone (Eds.). Mountain Pine Beetle Symposium: Challenges and Solutions, Kelowna, BC, October 30–31, 2003. Can. For. Serv. Pac. For. Cent. Inf. Rep. BC-X-399.
↵
1. Doccola, J.J.,
2. B.L. Strom,
3. C. Brownie, and
4. K.D. Klepzig
. 2011a. Impact of systemic fungicides on lesions formed by inoculation with the blue-stain fungus (Ophiostoma minus) in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 37(6):288–292.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Doccola, J.J.,
2. D.R. Smitley,
3. T.W. Davis,
4. J.J. Aiken, and
5. P.M. Wild
. 2011b. Tree wound responses following systemic insecticide trunk injection treatments in green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) as determined by destructive autopsy. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 37(1):6–12.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Doccola, J.J.,
2. W. Hascher,
3. J.J. Aiken, and
4. P.M. Wild
. 2012. Treatment strategies using hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) infested eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis Carriere) trees. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 38(2):41–49.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Grosman, D.M.,
2. W.W. Upton,
3. F.A. McCook, and
4. R.F. Billings
. 2002. Systemic insecticide injections for control of cone and seed insects in loblolly pine sees orchards—Two-year results. Texas Forest Service, Forest Pest Management, P.O. Box 310, Lufkin, Texas 75902–0310.
↵
1. Kim, J.J.,
2. E.A. Allen,
3. L.M. Humble, and
4. C. Breuil
. 2005 Ophiostomatoid and basidiomycetous fungi associated with green, red, and grey lodgepole pines after mountain pine beetle infestation. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35:274–284.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Krokene, P., and
2. H. Solheim
. 1998. Assessing the virulence of four bark beetle-associated blue-stain fungi using Norway spruce saplings. Plant Pathology 47:537–540.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Lee, S.,
2. J.J. Kim, and
3. C. Breuil
. 2005. Leptographium longiclavatum sp. nov., a new species associated with the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae. Mycology Research 109:1162–1170.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Lee, S.,
2. J.J. Kim, and
3. C. Breuil
. 2006a. Diversity of fungi associated with the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae, and infested lodgepole pines in British Columbia. Fungal Diversity 22:91–105.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Lee, S.,
2. J.J. Kim, and
3. C. Breuil
. 2006b. Pathogenicity of Leptographium longiclavatum associated with Dendroctonus ponderosae to Pinus contorta. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:2864–2872.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Mathre, D.E.
1964. Pathogenicity of Ceratocystis ips and Ceratocystis minor to Pinus ponderosa. Contrib. Boyce Thomson Inst. Plant Research 22:363–388.
OpenUrl
↵
1. McCullough, D.G.,
2. T.M. Poland,
3. A.C. Anulewicz,
4. P. Lewis, and
5. D. Cappaert
. 2011. Evaluation of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) control provided by emamectin benzoate and two neonicotinoid insecticides, one and two seasons after treatment. Journal of Economic Entomology 104(5):1599–1612.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
↵
1. T.L. Shore,
2. J.E. Brooks, and
3. J.E. Stone
1. Ono, H.
2003. The mountain pine beetle: Scope of the problem and key issues in Alberta. pp. 62-66. In: T.L. Shore, J.E. Brooks, and J.E. Stone (Eds.). Mountain Pine Beetle Symposium: Challenges and Solutions, Kelowna, BC, 30–31 October 2003, Victoria, BC: Can. For. Serv. Pac. For. Cent. Inf. Rep. BC-X-399.
↵
1. Raffa, K.F., and
2. A.A. Berryman
. 1983. Physiological aspects of lodgepole pine wound response to a fungal symbiont of the mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae. The Canadian Entomologist 115:723–734.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Rice, A.V., and
2. D.W. Langor
. 2009. Mountain pine beetle-associated blue-stain fungi in lodgepole × jack pine hybrids near Grande Prairie, Alberta (Canada). Forest Pathology 39:323–334.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Rice, A.V.,
2. M.N. Thormann, and
3. D.W. Langor
. 2007a. Mountain pine beetle associated blue-stain fungi cause lesions on jack pine, and lodgepole × jack hybrids in Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany 85:307–315.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Rice, A.V.,
2. M.N. Thormann, and
3. D.W. Langor
. 2007b. Virulence of, and interactions among, mountain pine beetle associated blue-stain fungi on two pine species and their hybrids in Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany 46:1523–1527.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Shigo, A.L.
1986. Trees and Microorganisms. A New Tree Biology: Facts, Photos, and Philosophies on Trees and Their Problems and Proper Care. Shigo and Trees, Associates, Durham, New Hampshire, U.S. pp.121–123.
↵
1. Shrimpton, D.M.
1973. Age- and size-related response of lodgepole pine to inoculation with Europhium clavigerum. Canadian Journal of Botany 51:1155–1160.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Six, D.L., and
2. T.D. Paine
. 1998. Effects of mycangial fungi and host tree species on progeny survival and emergence of Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Environmental Entomology 27:1393–1401.
OpenUrl CrossRef
↵
1. Six, D.L.,
2. T.C. Harrington,
3. J. Steimel,
4. D. McNew, and
5. T.D. Paine
. 2003. Genetic relationships among Leptographium terebrantis and the mycangial fungi of three western Dendroctonus bark beetles, Mycologia 95: 781–792.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science
↵
1. Smitley, D.R.,
2. J.J. Doccola, and
3. D.L. Cox
. 2010. Multiple-year protection of ash trees from emerald ash borer with a single trunk injection of emamectin benzoate, and single-year protection with an imidacloprid basal drench. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 36(5):206–211.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Solheim, H., and
2. P. Krokene
. 1998. Growth and virulence of mountain pine beetle associated blue-stain fungi, Ophiostoma clavigerum and Ophiostoma montium. Canadian Journal of Botany 76: 561–566.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Strobel, G.A., and
2. F. Sugawara
. 1986. The pathogenicity of Ceratocystis montia to lodgepole pine. Canadian Journal of Botany 64:113–116.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Tsuneda, A., and
2. Y. Hiratsuka
. 1984. Sympodial and annelidic conidiation in Ceratocystis clavigera. Canadian Journal of Botany 62:2618–2624.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Wagener, W.W., and
2. J.L. Mielke
. 1961. A staining fungus root disease of ponderosa, Jeffrey, and pinyon pines. Plant Disease Reporter 45:831–835.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Yamaoka, Y.,
2. R.H. Swanson, and
3. Y. Hiratsuka
. 1990 Inoculation of lodgepole pine with four blue-stain fungi associated with mountain pine beetle, monitored by a heat pulse velocity (HPV) instrument. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20:31–36.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Yamaoka, Y.,
2. Y. Hiratsuka, and
3. P.J. Maruyama
. 1995. The ability of Ophiostoma clavigerum to kill mature lodgepole pine trees. European Journal of Plant Pathology 25:401–404.
OpenUrl

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Keywords

[1] ↵
Adams, A.S., and
D.L. Six
. 2007. Temporal variation in mycophagy and prevalence of fungi associated with developmental stages of Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleptera: Curculonidae). Environmental Entomology 36:64–72.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[2] Adams, A.S., and

[3] D.L. Six

[4] ↵
D.L. Kibbee,
A.A. Berryman,
G.D. Amman, and
R.W. Starks
Amman, G.D.
1978. Biology, ecology, and causes of outbreaks of the mountain pine beetle in lodgepole pine forests. In theory and practice of mountain pine beetle management in lodgepole pine forests. pp. 39–53. In: D.L. Kibbee, A.A. Berryman, G.D. Amman, and R.W. Starks (Eds.). University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, U.S. Proceedings of a Symposium, 25–27 April 1978, Pullman, Washington, U.S.

[5] D.L. Kibbee,

[6] A.A. Berryman,

[7] G.D. Amman, and

[8] R.W. Starks

[9] Amman, G.D.

[10] ↵
Amman, G.D.,
M.D. McGregor, and
R.E. Dolph, Jr.
. 1989. Mountain pine beetle. USDA Forest Insect and Disease Leaflet 2. Washington, D.C.

[11] Amman, G.D.,

[12] M.D. McGregor, and

[13] R.E. Dolph, Jr.

[14] ↵
Basham, H.G.
1970. Wilt of loblolly pine inoculated with blue-stain fungi of the genus Ceratocystis. Phytopathology 60:750–754.
OpenUrl

[15] Basham, H.G.

[16] ↵
T.L. Shore,
J.E. Brooks, and
J.E. Stone
Carroll, A.L.,
S.W. Taylor,
J. Régnière, and
L. Safranyik
. 2003. Effects of climate change on range expansion by the mountain pine beetle in British Columbia. pp. 223–232. In: T.L. Shore, J.E. Brooks, and J.E. Stone (Eds.). Mountain Pine Beetle Symposium: Challenges and Solutions, Kelowna, BC, October 30–31, 2003. Can. For. Serv. Pac. For. Cent. Inf. Rep. BC-X-399.

[17] T.L. Shore,

[18] J.E. Brooks, and

[19] J.E. Stone

[20] Carroll, A.L.,

[21] S.W. Taylor,

[22] J. Régnière, and

[23] L. Safranyik

[24] ↵
Doccola, J.J.,
B.L. Strom,
C. Brownie, and
K.D. Klepzig
. 2011a. Impact of systemic fungicides on lesions formed by inoculation with the blue-stain fungus (Ophiostoma minus) in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 37(6):288–292.
OpenUrl

[25] Doccola, J.J.,

[26] B.L. Strom,

[27] C. Brownie, and

[28] K.D. Klepzig

[29] ↵
Doccola, J.J.,
D.R. Smitley,
T.W. Davis,
J.J. Aiken, and
P.M. Wild
. 2011b. Tree wound responses following systemic insecticide trunk injection treatments in green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) as determined by destructive autopsy. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 37(1):6–12.
OpenUrl

[30] Doccola, J.J.,

[31] D.R. Smitley,

[32] T.W. Davis,

[33] J.J. Aiken, and

[34] P.M. Wild

[35] ↵
Doccola, J.J.,
W. Hascher,
J.J. Aiken, and
P.M. Wild
. 2012. Treatment strategies using hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) infested eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis Carriere) trees. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 38(2):41–49.
OpenUrl

[36] Doccola, J.J.,

[37] W. Hascher,

[38] J.J. Aiken, and

[39] P.M. Wild

[40] ↵
Grosman, D.M.,
W.W. Upton,
F.A. McCook, and
R.F. Billings
. 2002. Systemic insecticide injections for control of cone and seed insects in loblolly pine sees orchards—Two-year results. Texas Forest Service, Forest Pest Management, P.O. Box 310, Lufkin, Texas 75902–0310.

[41] Grosman, D.M.,

[42] W.W. Upton,

[43] F.A. McCook, and

[44] R.F. Billings

[45] ↵
Kim, J.J.,
E.A. Allen,
L.M. Humble, and
C. Breuil
. 2005 Ophiostomatoid and basidiomycetous fungi associated with green, red, and grey lodgepole pines after mountain pine beetle infestation. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35:274–284.
OpenUrl

[46] Kim, J.J.,

[47] E.A. Allen,

[48] L.M. Humble, and

[49] C. Breuil

[50] ↵
Krokene, P., and
H. Solheim
. 1998. Assessing the virulence of four bark beetle-associated blue-stain fungi using Norway spruce saplings. Plant Pathology 47:537–540.
OpenUrl

[51] Krokene, P., and

[52] H. Solheim

[53] ↵
Lee, S.,
J.J. Kim, and
C. Breuil
. 2005. Leptographium longiclavatum sp. nov., a new species associated with the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae. Mycology Research 109:1162–1170.
OpenUrl

[54] Lee, S.,

[55] J.J. Kim, and

[56] C. Breuil

[57] ↵
Lee, S.,
J.J. Kim, and
C. Breuil
. 2006a. Diversity of fungi associated with the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae, and infested lodgepole pines in British Columbia. Fungal Diversity 22:91–105.
OpenUrl

[58] Lee, S.,

[59] J.J. Kim, and

[60] C. Breuil

[61] ↵
Lee, S.,
J.J. Kim, and
C. Breuil
. 2006b. Pathogenicity of Leptographium longiclavatum associated with Dendroctonus ponderosae to Pinus contorta. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:2864–2872.
OpenUrl

[62] Lee, S.,

[63] J.J. Kim, and

[64] C. Breuil

[65] ↵
Mathre, D.E.
1964. Pathogenicity of Ceratocystis ips and Ceratocystis minor to Pinus ponderosa. Contrib. Boyce Thomson Inst. Plant Research 22:363–388.
OpenUrl

[66] Mathre, D.E.

[67] ↵
McCullough, D.G.,
T.M. Poland,
A.C. Anulewicz,
P. Lewis, and
D. Cappaert
. 2011. Evaluation of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) control provided by emamectin benzoate and two neonicotinoid insecticides, one and two seasons after treatment. Journal of Economic Entomology 104(5):1599–1612.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[68] McCullough, D.G.,

[69] T.M. Poland,

[70] A.C. Anulewicz,

[71] P. Lewis, and

[72] D. Cappaert

[73] ↵
T.L. Shore,
J.E. Brooks, and
J.E. Stone
Ono, H.
2003. The mountain pine beetle: Scope of the problem and key issues in Alberta. pp. 62-66. In: T.L. Shore, J.E. Brooks, and J.E. Stone (Eds.). Mountain Pine Beetle Symposium: Challenges and Solutions, Kelowna, BC, 30–31 October 2003, Victoria, BC: Can. For. Serv. Pac. For. Cent. Inf. Rep. BC-X-399.

[74] T.L. Shore,

[75] J.E. Brooks, and

[76] J.E. Stone

[77] Ono, H.

[78] ↵
Raffa, K.F., and
A.A. Berryman
. 1983. Physiological aspects of lodgepole pine wound response to a fungal symbiont of the mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae. The Canadian Entomologist 115:723–734.
OpenUrl

[79] Raffa, K.F., and

[80] A.A. Berryman

[81] ↵
Rice, A.V., and
D.W. Langor
. 2009. Mountain pine beetle-associated blue-stain fungi in lodgepole × jack pine hybrids near Grande Prairie, Alberta (Canada). Forest Pathology 39:323–334.
OpenUrl

[82] Rice, A.V., and

[83] D.W. Langor

[84] ↵
Rice, A.V.,
M.N. Thormann, and
D.W. Langor
. 2007a. Mountain pine beetle associated blue-stain fungi cause lesions on jack pine, and lodgepole × jack hybrids in Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany 85:307–315.
OpenUrl

[85] Rice, A.V.,

[86] M.N. Thormann, and

[87] D.W. Langor

[88] ↵
Rice, A.V.,
M.N. Thormann, and
D.W. Langor
. 2007b. Virulence of, and interactions among, mountain pine beetle associated blue-stain fungi on two pine species and their hybrids in Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany 46:1523–1527.
OpenUrl

[89] Rice, A.V.,

[90] M.N. Thormann, and

[91] D.W. Langor

[92] ↵
Shigo, A.L.
1986. Trees and Microorganisms. A New Tree Biology: Facts, Photos, and Philosophies on Trees and Their Problems and Proper Care. Shigo and Trees, Associates, Durham, New Hampshire, U.S. pp.121–123.

[93] Shigo, A.L.

[94] ↵
Shrimpton, D.M.
1973. Age- and size-related response of lodgepole pine to inoculation with Europhium clavigerum. Canadian Journal of Botany 51:1155–1160.
OpenUrl

[95] Shrimpton, D.M.

[96] ↵
Six, D.L., and
T.D. Paine
. 1998. Effects of mycangial fungi and host tree species on progeny survival and emergence of Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Environmental Entomology 27:1393–1401.
OpenUrl CrossRef

[97] Six, D.L., and

[98] T.D. Paine

[99] ↵
Six, D.L.,
T.C. Harrington,
J. Steimel,
D. McNew, and
T.D. Paine
. 2003. Genetic relationships among Leptographium terebrantis and the mycangial fungi of three western Dendroctonus bark beetles, Mycologia 95: 781–792.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science

[100] Six, D.L.,

[101] T.C. Harrington,

[102] J. Steimel,

[103] D. McNew, and

[104] T.D. Paine

[105] ↵
Smitley, D.R.,
J.J. Doccola, and
D.L. Cox
. 2010. Multiple-year protection of ash trees from emerald ash borer with a single trunk injection of emamectin benzoate, and single-year protection with an imidacloprid basal drench. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 36(5):206–211.
OpenUrl

[106] Smitley, D.R.,

[107] J.J. Doccola, and

[108] D.L. Cox

[109] ↵
Solheim, H., and
P. Krokene
. 1998. Growth and virulence of mountain pine beetle associated blue-stain fungi, Ophiostoma clavigerum and Ophiostoma montium. Canadian Journal of Botany 76: 561–566.
OpenUrl

[110] Solheim, H., and

[111] P. Krokene

[112] ↵
Strobel, G.A., and
F. Sugawara
. 1986. The pathogenicity of Ceratocystis montia to lodgepole pine. Canadian Journal of Botany 64:113–116.
OpenUrl

[113] Strobel, G.A., and

[114] F. Sugawara

[115] ↵
Tsuneda, A., and
Y. Hiratsuka
. 1984. Sympodial and annelidic conidiation in Ceratocystis clavigera. Canadian Journal of Botany 62:2618–2624.
OpenUrl

[116] Tsuneda, A., and

[117] Y. Hiratsuka

[118] ↵
Wagener, W.W., and
J.L. Mielke
. 1961. A staining fungus root disease of ponderosa, Jeffrey, and pinyon pines. Plant Disease Reporter 45:831–835.
OpenUrl

[119] Wagener, W.W., and

[120] J.L. Mielke

[121] ↵
Yamaoka, Y.,
R.H. Swanson, and
Y. Hiratsuka
. 1990 Inoculation of lodgepole pine with four blue-stain fungi associated with mountain pine beetle, monitored by a heat pulse velocity (HPV) instrument. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20:31–36.
OpenUrl

[122] Yamaoka, Y.,

[123] R.H. Swanson, and

[124] Y. Hiratsuka

[125] ↵
Yamaoka, Y.,
Y. Hiratsuka, and
P.J. Maruyama
. 1995. The ability of Ophiostoma clavigerum to kill mature lodgepole pine trees. European Journal of Plant Pathology 25:401–404.
OpenUrl

[126] Yamaoka, Y.,

[127] Y. Hiratsuka, and

[128] P.J. Maruyama

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Effects of Grosmannia clavigera and Leptographium longiclavatum on Western White Pine Seedlings and the Fungicidal Activity of Alamo^®, Arbotect^®, and TREE-äge^®

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Effects of Grosmannia clavigera and Leptographium longiclavatum on Western White Pine Seedlings and the Fungicidal Activity of Alamo®, Arbotect®, and TREE-äge®

LITERATURE CITED

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Effects of Grosmannia clavigera and Leptographium longiclavatum on Western White Pine Seedlings and the Fungicidal Activity of Alamo^®, Arbotect^®, and TREE-äge^®