Effect of Container Type and Root Pruning on Growth and Anchorage After Planting Acer rubrum L. into Landscape Soil

LITERATURE CITED

1. ↵
   1. Anonymous

   . 2014. American Standard for Nursery Stock. American Nursery Association, Washington, D.C.
2. ↵
   1. Anonymous

   . 2015. Florida Grades and Standards for Nursery Plants. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Div. of Plant Industry, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.
3. ↵
   1. Arnold, M.A.

   1996. Mechanical correction and chemical avoidance of circling roots differentially affect post-transplant root regeneration and field establishment of container-grown Shumard oak. Journal American Society for Horticultural Science 121:258–263.

   OpenUrl
4. ↵
   1. Arnold, M.A., and
   2. D.K. Struve

   . 1989. Growing green ash and red oak in CuCO₃-treated containers increases root regeneration and shoot growth following transplant. Journal American Society for Horticultural Science 114:402–406.

   OpenUrl
5. ↵
   1. Balisky, A.C.,
   2. P. Salonius,
   3. C. Walli, and
   4. D. Brinkman

   . 1995. Seedling roots and forest floor: Misplaced and neglected aspects of British Columbia’s reforestation effort? Forestry Chronicle 71:59–65.

   OpenUrl
6. ↵
   1. Beeson, R.C. Jr.,., and
   2. R. Newton

   . 1992. Shoot and root responses of eighteen southeastern woody landscape species grown in cupric hydroxide-treated containers. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 10:214–217.

   OpenUrl
7. ↵
   1. Blanusa, T.,
   2. E. Papadogiannakis,
   3. R. Tanner, and
   4. R.W.F. Cameron

   . 2007. Root pruning as a means to encourage root growth in two ornamental shrubs, Buddleja davidii ‘Summer Beauty’ and Cistus ‘Snow Fire’. Journal Horticultural Sciences and Biotechnology 82:521–528.

   OpenUrl
8. ↵
   1. Danjon, F.,
   2. T. Fourcaud, and
   3. D. Bert

   . 2005. Root architecture and wind-firmness of mature Pinus piaster. New Phytologist 168:387–400.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
9. ↵
   1. Gilman, E.F.

   2001. Effect of nursery production method, irrigation, and inoculation with mycorrhizae-forming fungi on establishment of Quercus virginiana. Journal of Arboriculture 27: 30–39.

   OpenUrl
10. ↵
    1. Gilman, E.F., and
    2. C. Harchick

    . 2014. Root system morphology influences lateral stability of Swietenia mahagoni. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 40:27–35.

    OpenUrl
11. ↵
    1. Gilman, E.F., and
    2. C. Wiese

    . 2012. Root pruning at planting and planting depth in the nursery impact root system morphology and anchorage. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 38:229–236.

    OpenUrl
12. ↵
    1. Gilman, E.F., and
    2. M. E. Kane

    . 1990. Root growth of red maple following planting from containers. HortScience 25:527–528.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
13. ↵
    1. Gilman, E.F., and
    2. M. Orfanedes

    . 2012. Root pruning and planting depth impact root morphology in containers. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 30:173–181.

    OpenUrl
14. ↵
    1. Gilman, E.F., and
    2. M. Paz

    . 2014. Root system morphology influenced by container design, retention time, and root pruning. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 40:16–26.

    OpenUrl
15. ↵
    1. Gilman, E.F.,
    2. C. Harchick, and
    3. M. Paz

    . 2010a. Effect of container type on root form and growth of red maple. Journal of Environmental Horticulture. 28:1–7.

    OpenUrl
16. ↵
    1. Gilman, E.F.,
    2. J. Grabosky,
    3. A. Stodola, and
    4. M. Marshall

    . 2003. Irrigation and container type impact red maple (Acer rubrum L.) five years after landscape planting. Journal of Arboriculture 29:231–236.

    OpenUrl
17. ↵
    1. Gilman, E.F.,
    2. J. Miesbauer,
    3. C. Harchick, and
    4. R.C. Beeson

    . 2013. Impact of tree size at planting, mulch and irrigation on Acer rubrum L. growth and anchorage. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 39:173–181.

    OpenUrl
18. ↵
    1. Gilman, E.F.,
    2. M. Paz, and
    3. C. Harchick

    . 2010b. Root ball shaving improves root systems on seven tree species in containers. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 28:13–18.

    OpenUrl
19. ↵
    1. Gilman, E.F.,
    2. M. Paz, and
    3. C. Harchick

    . 2015. Effect of container type and root pruning during nursery production on root morphology of red maple. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 42(1):31–45.

    OpenUrl
20. ↵
    1. Gilman, E.F.,
    2. M. Paz, and
    3. C. Harchick

    . 2014. Impact of retention time on root morphology in three nursery container volumes. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 41(3):146–154.

    OpenUrl
21. ↵
    1. Gilman, E.F.,
    2. M. Paz,
    3. D. Meador, and
    4. P. Fisher

    . 2012. Propagation container type, time in container, and root pruning affect root development of young Acer rubrum. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 30:150–160.

    OpenUrl
22. ↵
    1. Gilman, E.F.,
    2. T.H. Yeager, and
    3. D. Weigle

    . 1996. Fertilizer, irrigation and root ball slicing affects Burford holly growth after planting. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 14:105–110.

    OpenUrl
23. ↵
    1. Harris, J.R.,
    2. J. Fanelli,
    3. A. Niemiera, and
    4. R. Wright

    . 2001. Root pruning pin oak liners affects growth and root morphology. HortTechnology 11:49–52.

    OpenUrl
24. ↵
    1. Harris, R.W.,
    2. W.B. Davis,
    3. N.W. Stice, and
    4. D. Long

    . 1971a. Influence of transplanting time in nursery production. Journal American Society for Horticulture Science 96:109–110.

    OpenUrl
25. ↵
    1. Harris, R.W.,
    2. W.B. Davis,
    3. N.W. Stice, and
    4. D. Long

    . 1971b. Root pruning improves nursery tree quality. Journal American Society for Horticulture Science 96:105–108.

    OpenUrl
26. ↵
    1. Krasowski, M.J.

    2003. Root system modifications by nursery culture reflect on post-planting growth and development of coniferous seedlings. Forestry Chronicle 79:882–891.

    OpenUrl
27. ↵
    1. Krasowski, M.J., and
    2. J.N. Owens

    . 2000. Morphological and physical attributes of root systems and seedlings growth in three different Picea glauca reforestation stock. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30:1669–1681.

    OpenUrl
28. ↵
    1. Lindström,
    2. A., and
    3. G. Rune

    . 1999. Root deformation in plantations of container-grown Scots pine trees: Effects on root growth, tree stability, and stem straightness. Plant and Soil 217:29–37.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
29. ↵
    1. Lyford, W.H., and
    2. B.F. Wilson

    . 1964. Development of the root system of Acer rubrum L. Harvard Foresry Paper No. 10.
30. ↵
    1. Marler, T.E., and
    2. F.S. Davies

    . 1987. Growth of bare-root and container grown ‘Hamlin’ orange trees in the field. Proceedings Florida State Horticulture Society 100:89–93.

    OpenUrl
31. ↵
    1. Marshall, M.D., and
    2. E.F. Gilman

    . 1998. Effects of nursery container type on root growth and landscape establishment of Acer rubrum L. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 15:55–59.

    OpenUrl
32. ↵
    1. Martin, C.A., and
    2. S. Bhattacharya

    . 1995. Effects of cupric hydroxide treated containers on growth of four southwestern desert landscape trees. Journal of Arboriculture 21:235–238.

    OpenUrl
33. ↵
    1. Nichols, T.J., and
    2. A.A. Alm

    . 1983. Root development of container-reared, nursery-growth, and naturally regenerated pine seedlings. Canadian Journal Forest Research. 13:239–245.

    OpenUrl
34. ↵
    1. Ortega, U.,
    2. J. Majada,
    3. A. Mena-Petite,
    4. J. Sanchez-Zabala,
    5. N. Rodriguez-Itturrizar,
    6. K. Txarterina,
    7. J. Azpitarte, and
    8. M. Duñabeitia

    . 2006. Field performance of Pinus radiata D. Don produced in nursery with different types of containers. New Forests 31:97–112.

    OpenUrl
35. ↵
    1. Owen, J., and
    2. H. Stoven

    . 2008. Searching for the perfect pot. Digger, Mar. pp. 40–45, 57, Oregon Assoc. Nurs. Wilsonville, Oregon, U.S.
36. ↵
    1. Ruter, J.M.

    1993. Growth and landscape performance of three landscape plants produced in conventional and pot-in-pot productions systems. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 11:124–127.

    OpenUrl
37. ↵
    1. Salonius, P.,
    2. K. Beaton, and
    3. B. Roze

    . 2000. Effects of cell size and spacing on root density and field performance of container-reared black spruce. Information Report M-X-208E, Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry Centre, Frederickton, New Brunswick, Canada.
38. ↵
    1. Selby, C., and
    2. D.A. Seaby

    . 1982. The effect of auxins on Pinus contorta seedling root development. Forestry 55:125–135.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
39. ↵
    1. S.J. Colombo

    1. South, D.B., and
    2. R.G. Mitchell

    . 2005. A root-bound index for container-grown pines. pp. 88–93. In: S.J. Colombo (Ed.). The thin green line: A symposium on the state-of-the-art in reforestation. Forest Research Information Paper No. 160. Ontario Forest Research Institute. Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada.
40. ↵
    1. Struve, D.K.,
    2. M.A. Arnold,
    3. R.C. Beeson, Jr.,
    4. J.M. Ruter,
    5. S. Svenson, and
    6. W. Witte

    . 1994. The copper connection. American Nurserymen 179:52–56.

    OpenUrl
41. ↵
    1. Weicherding, P.J.,
    2. C.P. Giblin,
    3. J.H. Gillman,
    4. D.L. Hanson, and
    5. G. Johnson

    . 2007. Mechanical root-disruption practices and their effect on circling roots of pot-bound Tilia cordata Mill. and Salix alba L. ‘Niobe’.