Anchorage Influence by Production Method and Root Pruning

LITERATURE CITED

1. ↵
   1. Arnold, M.A.

   1996. Mechanical correction and chemical avoidance of circling roots differentially affect post-transplant root regeneration and field establishment of container-grown Shumard oak. Journal of American Society Horticultural Science 121:258–263.

   OpenUrl
2. ↵
   1. Beeson, R.C. Jr., and
   2. E.F. Gilman

   . 1992. Diurnal water stress during landscape establishment of slash pine differs among three production methods. Journal of Arboriculture 18:281–287.

   OpenUrl
3. ↵
   1. Beeson, R.C. Jr., and
   2. E.F. Gilman

   . 1995. Irrigation and fertilizer placement affect root and canopy growth of trees produced in in-ground fabric containers. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 13:133–136.

   OpenUrl
4. ↵
   1. Coutts, M.P.

   1986. Components of tree stability in Sitka spruce on peaty, gley soil. Forestry 59:173–197.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
5. ↵
   1. Coutts, M.P.,
   2. C.C.N. Nielson, and
   3. B.C. Nicoll

   . 1999. The development of symmetry, rigidity, and anchorage in the structural root system of conifers. Plant and Soil 217:1–15.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
6. ↵
   1. Gilman, E.F.

   2001. Effect of nursery production method, irrigation, and inoculation with mycorrhizae-forming fungi on establishment of Quercus virginiana. Journal of Arboriculture 27:30–39.

   OpenUrl
7. ↵
   1. Gilman, E.F.,
   2. A. Stodola, and
   3. M.D. Marshall

   . 2002. Root pruning but not irrigation in the nursery affects live oak root balls and digging survival. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 20:122–126.

   OpenUrl
8. ↵
   1. Gilman, E.F., and
   2. C. Wiese

   . 2012. Root pruning at planting and planting depth in the nursery impact root system morphology and anchorage. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 38(5):229–236.

   OpenUrl
9. ↵
   1. Gilman, E.F., and
   2. F.J. Masters

   . 2010. Effect of tree size, root pruning, and production method on root growth and lateral ability of Quercus virginiana. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 36:281–291.

   OpenUrl
10. ↵
    1. Gilman, E.F.,
    2. C. Harchick, and
    3. M. Paz

    . 2010a. Effect of tree size, root pruning, and production method on establishment of Quercus virginiana. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 36:183–190.

    OpenUrl
11. ↵
    1. Gilman, E.F.,
    2. G.W. Knox,
    3. C. Neal, and
    4. U. Yadav

    . 1994. Micro-irrigation affects growth and root distribution of trees in fabric containers. Hort-Technology 4:43–45.

    OpenUrl
12. ↵
    1. Gilman, E.F.,
    2. M. Paz, and
    3. C. Harchick

    . 2010b. Root ball shaving improves root systems on seven species in containers. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 28:13–18.

    OpenUrl
13. ↵
    1. Gilman, E.F.,
    2. R.J. Black, and
    3. B. Dehgan

    . 1998. Irrigation volume and frequency and tree size affect establishment rate. Journal of Arboriculture 24:1–9.

    OpenUrl
14. ↵
    1. Gilman, E.F.,
    2. T.H. Yeager, and
    3. D. Weigle

    . 1996. Fertilizer, irrigation and root ball slicing affects Burford holly growth after planting. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 14:105–110.

    OpenUrl
15. ↵
    1. Harris, R.W.,
    2. W.B. Davis,
    3. N.W. Stice, and
    4. D. Long

    . 1971. Influence of transplanting time in nursery production. Journal of American Society Horticulture Science 96:109–110.

    OpenUrl
16. ↵
    1. James, K.R, and
    2. B. Kane

    . 2008. Precision digital instruments to measure dynamic wind loads on trees during storms. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 148:1055–1061.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
17. ↵
    1. Krasowski, M.J., and
    2. J.N. Owens

    . 2000. Morphological and physical attributes of root systems and seedlings growth in three different Picea glauca reforestation stock. Canadian Journal of Forestry Research 30:1669–1681.

    OpenUrl
18. ↵
    1. Montague, T.,
    2. C. McKenney,
    3. M. Mauer, and
    4. B. Winn

    . 2007. Influence of irrigation volume and mulch on establishment of select shrub species. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 33:202–209.

    OpenUrl
19. ↵
    1. Persson, P.

    1978. Some possible methods of influencing the root development of containerized tree seedlings. Proceedings of the Symposium on Root Form of Planted Trees, Victoria, BC, Canada. May 16–19. pp. 295–300.
20. ↵
    1. Salonius, P.,
    2. Beaton, K., and
    3. B. Roze

    . 2000. Effects of cell size and spacing on root density and field performance of container-reared black spruce. Information Report M-X-208E, Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry Centre, Frederickton, New Brunswick, Canada.
21. ↵
    1. Shober, A.L.,
    2. K. Moore,
    3. S.M. Scheiber,
    4. E.F. Gilman,
    5. M. Paz,
    6. M. Brennan, and
    7. S. Vvapari

    . 2009. Post-transplant irrigation frequency affects growth of container-grown sweet viburnum in three hardiness zones. HortScience 44:1683–1687.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
22. ↵
    1. Stabler, L.B., and
    2. C.A. Martin

    . 2000. Irrigation regimens differently affect growth and water use efficiency of two southwest landscape plants. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 18:66–70.

    OpenUrl
23. ↵
    1. Welcherding, P.J.,
    2. C.P. Giblin,
    3. J.H. Gillman,
    4. D, L. Hanson, and
    5. G. Johnson

    . 2007. Mechanical root-disruption practices and their effect on circling roots of pot-bound Tilia cordata Mill. And Salix alba L. ‘Niobe’. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 33:43–47.

    OpenUrl
24. ↵
    1. Wiese, C.,
    2. A. Shober,
    3. E.F. Gilman,
    4. M. Paz,
    5. K. Moore,
    6. M. Scheiber, and
    7. M.M. Brennan

    . 2009. Effects of irrigation frequency during establishment on growth of Ilex cornuta ‘Burford Nana’ and Pittosporum tobira ‘Variegata’. HortScience 44:1–6.

    OpenUrl