Fertilization Rate and Placement Effects on Areca Palms Transplanted from Containers or a Field Nursery

Timothy K. Broschat; Kimberly A. Moore

doi:10.48044/jauf.2012.022

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Table 1.

Shoot growth of transplanted container-grown and field-grown areca palms with fertilizer applied at three locations and at three rates.

				Shoot Growth^{^z} (cm)
				Experiment 1			Experiment 2
Significant effects	Transplant source	Fertilizer placement	Rate	Three months	Six months	Twelve months	Three months	Six months	Twelve months
	Container-grown	Backfill incorporation		5.9	26.0	31.4	9.6	39.5 a^{^y}	46.5 a
		Bottom of hole		17.6	19.0	39.6	15.8	26.8 b	35.9 b
		Surface application		8.0	16.7	28.1	12.2	34.7 ab	46.1 ab
Placement (P-value)				NS^{^x}	NS	NS	NS	0.01	0.0059
			0	1.7 b	3.4 c	25.7	1.8 b	15.6 b	22.4 b
			250	3.1 b	11.1 b	29.1	10.2 ab	31.5 a	39.6 a
			500	17.9 a	30.1 a	37.0	14.9 a	35.5 a	46.0 a
Rate (P-value)				0.0004	0.027	NS	0.035	0.0006	0.0013
	Field-grown	Backfill incorporation		16.8 a	17.9	19.8	11.0	19.0	19.9
		Bottom of hole		8.0 b	10.0	18.8	2.3	6.2	26.6
		Surface application		8.8 b	4.8	24.1	8.4	8.9	22.1
Placement (P-value)				0.0003	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
			0	3.2	8.5	9.3	0.0 b	0.0 b	4.4 b
			250	9.5	10.8	22.9	13.1 a	15.1 a	25.9 a
			500	7.0	11.6	18.9	1.7 b	7.7 ab	19.4 a
Rate (P-value)				NS	NS	NS	0.0094	0.05	0.0064
Overall effects (P-values)
Transplant source				0.0004	0.0001	0.0001	0.0008	NS	NS
Placement				0.05	NS	NS	NS	0.0001	0.0001
Rate				0.0001	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Source × placement				0.0004	NS	NS	0.0095	NS	NS
Source × rate				0.0005	0.04	NS	0.0031	0.019	0.049
Placement × rate				0.049	NS	NS	NS	0.0006	NS

↵^zGrowth was calculated as height at three months minus initial height, height at six months minus initial height, and so forth.
↵^yMean separation within columns and fertilizer placement and rate groupings by the Waller-Duncan k-ratio method, P = 0.05.
↵^xNon-significant.

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Table 2.

Root dry weights of areca palms transplanted from containers or a field nursery with fertilizer applied at three locations and rates.

				Root dry weight (g)
				Experiment 1		Experiment 2
Significant effects	Transplant source	Fertilizer placement	Rate	Total roots	Top roots	Bottom roots	Total roots
		Container-grown	Backfill incorporation		6.23	5.23	13.31 a^{^z}	17.97 a
			Bottom of hole		5.09	5.58	8.06 b	13.65 ab
			Surface application		4.39	4.97	7.82 b	12.51 b
	Placement (P-value)				NS^{^y}	NS	0.038	0.05
				0	3.11	3.62 b	4.92 b	7.88 b
250				5.06	6.89 a	9.79 a	16.07 a
500				5.42	3.61 b	9.52 a	13.17 a
Rate (P-value)				NS	0.016	0.05	0.0083
	Field-grown	Backfill incorporation		14.07	8.61 ab	9.48	17.23 b
		Bottom of hole		13.46	12.79 a	11.02	23.74 a
		Surface application		11.10	5.48 b	8.68	14.15 b
Placement (P-value)					NS	0.04	NS	0.01
			0	0.38	5.65	4.11 b	9.75 b
			250	15.31	9.73	10.25 a	19.45 a
			500	10.67	8.32	9.23 a	17.45 a
Rate (P-value)			NS	NS	0.0046	0.033
Overall Effects (P-values)
Transplant source				0.0001	0.0012	NS	0.0058
Placement				NS	0.031	0.0001	0.0001
Rate				NS	0.033	NS	NS
Source × placement				NS	NS	0.028	0.012
Source × rate				NS	NS	NS	NS
Placement × rate				NS	NS	NS	0.034

↵^zMean separation within columns and fertilizer placement and rate groupings by the Waller-Duncan k-ratio method, P = 0.05.
↵^yNon-significant.

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Table 3.

Nitrogen and potassium deficiency severity ratings for Experiment 2 areca palms transplanted from a field nursery with fertilizer applied at three locations and at three rates.

			Nitrogen deficiency rating^{^z}			Potassium deficiency rating
Significant effects	Fertilizer placement	Rate	Three months	Six months	Twelve months	Three months	Six months	Twelve months
	Backfill incorporation		4.66	4.70	4.63	3.94	3.94 ab^{^y}	3.96 b
	Bottom of hole		4.64	4.71	4.65	3.92	4.06 a	4.14 a
	Surface application		4.68	4.71	4.65	3.78	3.85 b	3.99 b
Placement (P-value)			NS^{^x}	NS	NS	NS	0.025	0.025
		0	4.60 b	4.63 b	4.60 b	3.7	3.67 b	3.63 b
		250	4.65 ab	4.70 a	4.62 ab	3.9	3.98 a	4.05 a
		500	4.67 a	4.70 a	4.67 a	3.8	3.93 a	4.04 a
Rate (P-value)			0.047	0.014	0.034	NS	0.011	0.0002
Overall effects (P-values)
Placement			NS	NS	NS	NS	0.0006	0.0001
Rate			NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Placement × rate			NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

↵^zRatings are on a 1 to 5 scale; 1 = severely deficient, 5 = no deficiency symptoms present.
↵^yMean separation within columns and fertilizer placement and rate groupings by the Waller-Duncan k-ratio method, P = 0.05.
↵^xNon-significant.