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Research ArticleArticles

The Relationship Between Structural Root Depth and Vigor of Urban Trees

Gary W. Watson and Angela M. Hewitt
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) January 2012, 38 (1) 13-17; DOI: https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2012.003
Gary W. Watson
Gary Watson (corresponding author), Head of Research, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL 60532, U.S.,
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Angela M. Hewitt
Angela Hewitt, Research Specialist, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL 60532, U.S.
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  • Article
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LITERATURE CITED

  1. ↵
    1. Arnold, M.A.,
    2. G.V. McDonald, and
    3. D.L. Bryan
    . 2005. Planting depth and mulch thickness affect establishment of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) and bougainvillea goldenrain tree (Koelreuteria bipinnata). Journal of Arboriculture 31:163–170.
    OpenUrl
  2. ↵
    1. Arnold, M.A.,
    2. G.V. McDonald,
    3. D.L. Bryan,
    4. G.C. Denny,
    5. W.T. Watson, and
    6. L. Lombardini
    . 2007. Below-grade planting adversely affects survival and growth of tree species from five different families. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 33:64–69.
    OpenUrl
  3. ↵
    1. Berrang, P.,
    2. D.F. Karnosky, and
    3. B.J. Stanton
    . 1985. Environmental factors affecting tree health in New York City. Journal of Arboriculture 11:185–189.
    OpenUrl
  4. ↵
    1. Bryan, D.L.,
    2. M.A. Arnold,
    3. A. Volder,
    4. W.T. Watson,
    5. L. Lombardini,
    6. J.J. Sloan,
    7. L.A. Valdez-Aguilar, and
    8. A.D. Cartmill
    . 2010. Transplant season, irrigation, and planting depth effects on landscape establishment of bald cypress and sycamore. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 36:57–65.
    OpenUrl
  5. ↵
    1. Day, S.D., and
    2. J.R. Harris
    . 2008. Growth, survival, and root system morphology of deeply planted Corylus colurna seven years after transplanting and the effects of root collar excavation. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 7:119–128.
    OpenUrl
  6. ↵
    1. Dirr, M.A.
    2009. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants (Sixh Edition). Stipes Publishing L.L.C., Champaign, Illinois, U.S. 1325 pp.
  7. ↵
    1. G. Watson
    1. Giblin, C,
    2. J. Gillman,
    3. D. Hanson,
    4. G.R. Johnson, and
    5. P. Weicherding
    . 2006. The effects of soil depth on the long-term health and frequency of storm damage to trees in the upper Midwest, pp. 33–39. In: G. Watson (Ed.). Proceedings of Trees and Planting: Getting the Roots Right Conference. <www.mortonarb.org/deeptreeroots/pdf/GRR_Proceedings.pdf#TOC>
  8. ↵
    1. Gilman, E.F.
    1997. Trees for Urban and Suburban Landscapes. Delmar Publishers, Albany, New York, U.S. 662 pp.
  9. ↵
    1. Harris, J.R.,
    2. J. Fanelli,
    3. A. Niemiera, and
    4. R. Wright
    . 2001. Root pruning pin oak liners affects growth and root morphology. HortTechnology 11:49–52.
    OpenUrl
  10. ↵
    1. Hewitt, A., and
    2. G. Watson
    . 2009. Bare root liner production can alter tree root architecture. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 27:99–104.
    OpenUrl
  11. ↵
    1. Rathjens, R.G.,
    2. T.D. Sydnor, and
    3. D.S. Gardner
    . 2007. A survey of the depth of the main lateral roots of nursery trees in Ohio before and after harvest. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 25:187–190.
    OpenUrl
  12. ↵
    1. G. Watson
    1. Smiley, E.T.
    2006. Root collar excavations to improve tree health, pp. 49–50. In: G. Watson (Ed.). Proceedings of Trees and Planting: Getting the Roots Right Conference. <www.mortonarb.org/deeptreeroots/pdf/GRR_Proceedings.pdf#TOC>
  13. ↵
    1. Watson, G.W.,
    2. S. Clark, and
    3. K. Johnson
    . 1990. Formation of girdling roots. Journal of Arboriculture 16:197–202.
    OpenUrl
  14. ↵
    1. Watson, G., and
    2. E.B. Himelick
    . 2005. Best Management Practices: Tree Planting. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, Illinois, U.S. 41 pp.
  15. ↵
    1. Wells, C.E.,
    2. K.S. Townsend,
    3. J.D. Caldwell,
    4. D.L. Ham,
    5. E.T. Smiley, and
    6. M. Sherwood
    . 2005. Effects of planting depth on landscape tree survival and girdling root formation. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 32:305–311.
    OpenUrl
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Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF): 38 (1)
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF)
Vol. 38, Issue 1
January 2012
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The Relationship Between Structural Root Depth and Vigor of Urban Trees
Gary W. Watson, Angela M. Hewitt
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) Jan 2012, 38 (1) 13-17; DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2012.003

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The Relationship Between Structural Root Depth and Vigor of Urban Trees
Gary W. Watson, Angela M. Hewitt
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) Jan 2012, 38 (1) 13-17; DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2012.003
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Keywords

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