Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Clove (top) and cow hitches including the half hitch and stopper knot that was needed to prevent the tag end of the rope pulling through during the test.
- Figure 2.
Timber hitch (top) and running bowline; in the former, a loop (crossing parts of rope) was formed around the standing part of the rope; in the latter, a bight (parallel parts of rope) was formed around the standing part of the rope.
- Figure 3.
Rope tied in a running bowline under the pre-load of 0.889 kN. The black line on the utility pole normal to the rope indicates the location where the hitch was tied (30 cm from the end of the pole). The white arrow indicates the point of failure for all ropes and hitches.
Tables
- Table 1.
Ropes used in testing, including their construction, manufacturer, material, nominal diameter (mm), rated breaking load (kN), and linear density (kg/100 m). The latter four values were obtained from manufacturers’ literature.
Rope Braid Manufacturer Material Diameter Breaking load Density ArborPlex Single Samson Polyester/polyolefin 12.7 26.69 10.1 Double Esterlon Double Yale Polyester 12.7 48.04 12.1 Double Esterlon Double Yale Polyester 15.9 75.57 14.3 Industrial Poly DB Double New England Polyester 12.7 44.04 10.4 Safety Pro-12 Single New England Polyester/polyolefin 12.7 29.36 11.6 Stable Braid Double Samson Polyester 12.7 46.26 12.2 True-Blue Single Samson Polyester 12.7 32.47 13.1 XTC-12 Single Yale Polyester/polyolefin 12.7 26.69 10.0 - Table 2.
Least squares means (standard error) for breaking load (PMAX in kN) and specific strength [kN/(kg/100 m)] classified by knot and rope.
Effect Level n PMAXz Specific strengthz Rope ArborPlex 20 21.58 (0.49)a 2.13 (0.04)a Double Esterlon 27 38.16 (0.43)f 3.16 (0.04)c Industrial Poly DB 12 31.06 (0.64)d 2.98 (0.05)bc Safety Pro-12 17 25.64 (0.49)b 2.29 (0.04)a Stable Braid 22 35.49 (0.55)e 2.90 (0.05)b True-Blue 20 27.89 (0.48)c 2.12 (0.04)a XTC-12 20 22.87 (0.49)a 2.29 (0.04)a Hitch Clove hitch 37 28.85 (0.38)a 2.55 (0.03)ab Cow hitch 34 28.98 (0.39)a 2.55 (0.03)ab Running bowline 35 29.72 (0.39)a 2.62 (0.03)a Timber hitch 32 28.27 (0.40)a 2.49 (0.03)b ↵zRead down a column within each effect, least squares means followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P > 0.05) by Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference test.
- Table 3.
Least squares means (standard error) for breaking load (PMAX in kN) and specific strength [kN/(kg/100 m)] of Double Esterlon ropes 15.9 mm in diameter and 12.7 mm in diameter.
Effect Level n PMAXz Specific strengthz Diameter 12.7 mm 15 38.67 (0.85)a 3.20 (0.07)a 15.9 mm 9 60.82 (1.06)b 3.03 (0.08)a Hitch Clove hitch 13 48.75 (0.97)a 3.05 (0.08)a Running bowline 11 50.73 (0.96)a 3.18 (0.08)a ↵zRead down a column within each effect, least squares means followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P > 0.05) by Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference test.
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