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Research ArticleArticles

Contemporary Concepts of Root System Architecture of Urban Trees

Susan D. Day, P. Eric Wiseman, Sarah B. Dickinson and J. Roger Harris
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) July 2010, 36 (4) 149-159; DOI: https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2010.020
Susan D. Day
Susan D. Day (corresponding author), Assistant Professor, Department of Forest Resources & Environmental Conservation and Department of Horticulture, Virginia Tech, 310 Cheatham Hall (0324), Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, U.S.,
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
P. Eric Wiseman
P. Eric Wiseman, Assistant Professor, Department of Forest Resources & Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, 228 Cheatham Hall (0324), Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, U.S.
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Sarah B. Dickinson
Sarah B. Dickinson, Research Associate, Department of Horticulture, Virginia Tech, 301 Saunders Hall (0327), Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, U.S.
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J. Roger Harris
J. Roger Harris, Professor, Department of Horticulture, Virginia Tech, 301 Saunders Hall (0327), Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, U.S.
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Article Figures & Data

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  • Figure 1.
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    Figure 1.

    The relationship between tree height and maximum root radius from summarized literature. R2 = 0.359 and p = 0.002. Dashed lines represent 95% confidence interval. When data for conifers and deciduous species were analyzed separately, data was transformed to achieve a more constant variance and relationships were as follows: Deciduous: p = 0.25 and R2 = 0.09 Conifers: R2 = 0.28 p = 0.18. Each data point represents a study average, see Appendix for data sources and N values.

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    Figure 2.

    The relationship between trunk diameter and maximum root radius from summarized literature. Each data point represents a study average, see Appendix for data sources and N values.

Tables

  • Figures
  • FamilySpeciesMean Tree Height (m)Mean Max. Root Depth (m)Mean Trunk Diameter (cm)Mean Max. Root Radius (m)Number of trees measured (N)Reference
    CupressaceaeThuja plicata Donn.96.4(Rigg and Harrar 1931)
    PinaceaePicea glauca (Moench) Voss121.418.6(Bannan 1940)
    PinaceaePinus banksiana Lamb.142.18.51(Cheyney 1932)
    PinaceaePinus banksiana Lamb.182148(Strong and LaRoi 1983)
    PinaceaePinus contorta Doug.2.47(Rigg and Harrar 1931)
    PinaceaePinus flexilis James.1510R.F. Fisher (personal communication, 1988) as cited in Stone and Kalisz (1991)
    PinaceaePinus monticola Dougl.117(Rigg and Harrar 1931)
    PinaceaePinus monticola Dougl.1814.2(Rigg and Harrar 1931)
    PinaceaePinus rigida Mill.72.7(McQuilkin 1935) as cited in Stone and Kalisz (1991)
    PinaceaePinus sylvestris L.262(Tolle 1967) as cited in Stone and Kalisz (1991)
    PinaceaeTsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.610(Rigg and Harrar 1931)
    AceraceaeAcer rubrum L.7.42.7525(Gilman 1988)
    BetulaceaeAlnus rubra Bong.28.3541.664.8833(Smith 1964)
    CupressaceaeThuja plicata Donn.35.0568.585.1861(Smith 1964)
    FabaceaeAcacia bussei Harms414(Glover 1952) as cited in Stone and Kalisz (1991)
    FabaceaeAcacia mellifera Benth.415(Adams 1966) as cited in Stone and Kalisz (1991)
    FabaceaeAcacia seyal Del.71.28(Adams 1966) as cited in Stone and Kalisz (1991)
    FabaceaeDipteryx panamensis (Pittier) Record305R.F. Fisher (personal communication, 1988) as cited in Stone and Kalisz (1991)
    FabaceaeGleditsia triacanthos var. inermis (L.) C.K. Schneid.82.756(Gilman 1988)
    FabaceaeLeptadenia pyrotechnica (Forsk.) Decne.211.55(Betanowny and Wahab 1973) as cited in Stone and Kalisz (1991)
    FabaceaeProsopis glandulosa Torr.565(Nilsen et al. 1983)
    FabaceaeProsopis ‘juliflora’ (Swartz) DC. (= P. glandulosa?)63194(Cable 1977)
    FagaceaeQuercus macrocarpa Michx.3.64.43.33(Biswell 1935)
    FagaceaeQuercus turbinella Greene2.46.41(Davis and Pase 1977)
    FagaceaeQuercus virginiana Mill.6.52.325(Gilman 1988)
    MagnoliaceaeMagnolia grandiflora L.7.5325(Gilman 1988)
    OleaceaeFraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.7.51.86(Gilman 1988)
    OleaceaeSyringa reticulata ‘Ivory Silk’3.670.596.652.795(Gerhold and Johnson 2003)
    OleaceaeSyringa reticulata ‘Ivory Silk’4.570.510.464.025(Gerhold and Johnson 2003)
    PinaceaePseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb)36.8858.425.4989(Smith 1964)
    PinaceaeTsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.42.9866.045.4981(Smith 1964)
    RosaceaeAdenostoma fasciculatum H.&A.1.57.63.713(Hellmers et al. 1955)
    RosaceaeAmelanchier Autumn Brilliance®3.830.253.861.985(Gerhold and Johnson 2003)
    RosaceaeAmelanchier ‘Cumulus’6.410.6916.084.066(Gerhold and Johnson 2003)
    RosaceaeAmelanchier ‘Snowcloud’4.030.484.160.8965(Gerhold and Johnson 2003)
    RosaceaeMalus Harvest Gold®4.380.687.112.715(Gerhold and Johnson 2003)
    RosaceaeMalus ‘Professor Sprenger’3.020.353.812.45(Gerhold and Johnson 2003)
    RosaceaePyrus calleryana ‘Autumn Blaze’3.570.64.622.235(Gerhold and Johnson 2003)
    RosaceaePyrus calleryana Chanticleer®3.830.555.281.565(Gerhold and Johnson 2003)
    RosaceaePyrus communis L. (H)3.32.73(Ballantyne 1916) as cited in Stone and Kalisz (1991)
    SalicaceaePopulus × generosa11.93.756(Gilman 1988)
    SalvadoraceaeDobera glabra A. DC.2.712(Glover 1952) as cited in Stone and Kalisz (1991)
    TamaricaceaeTamarix pentatandra Pallas53.73.3(Gary 1963) as cited in Stone and Kalisz (1991)
    UlmaceaeCeltis australis19.1435(Junqueras et al. 2000)
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Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF): 36 (4)
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF)
Vol. 36, Issue 4
July 2010
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Contemporary Concepts of Root System Architecture of Urban Trees
Susan D. Day, P. Eric Wiseman, Sarah B. Dickinson, J. Roger Harris
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) Jul 2010, 36 (4) 149-159; DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2010.020

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Contemporary Concepts of Root System Architecture of Urban Trees
Susan D. Day, P. Eric Wiseman, Sarah B. Dickinson, J. Roger Harris
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) Jul 2010, 36 (4) 149-159; DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2010.020
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • TREE ROOT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
    • ROOT SYSTEM DEPTH AND SPREAD
    • CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
    • Acknowledgments
    • APPENDIX
    • LITERATURE CITED
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