Article Figures & Data
Tables
Location Planting area Tree species Number of trees Age of planting years Plant depth cm Mean (SD) Cincinnati Street median strip Shingle oak (Quercus imbricaria Michx.) 30 2 8.8 (3.5) Cincinnati Street tree Lacebark elm (Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.) 20 9 6.8 (3.5) Dublin Park Ash species (Fraxinus spp.) 40 0.5 16.2 (4.5) Dublin Park Maple species (Acer spp.) 40 0.5 20.3 (6.0) Dublin Park Blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.) 40 0.5 10.1 (6.0) Strongsville Parking lot island Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos L. var. inermis (L.) Zab.) 20 6 13.7 (3.8) Strongsville Street tree Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos) 20 5 11.6 (3.3) Strongsville Street tree Hedge maple (Acer campestre L.) 40 1 17.7 (4.5) SD = Standard Deviation.
- Table 2.
Name and taxonomic class of the soils in the Ohio root crown excavation experiment.
Location Planting area Soil name Taxonomic class Cincinnati Street median strip Urban land-Martinsville complex Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs Cincinnati Street tree Urban land-Stonelick complex Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Typic Udifluvents Dublin Park Crosby silt loam Fine, mixed, active, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs Strongsville Parking lot island, Hedge maple street tree Mahoning-Urban land complex Fine, illitic, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs Strongsville Honeylocust street tree Udorthents, loamy Loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Udorthents - Table 3.
Growth, chlorophyll and stress measurements for the Cincinnati shingle oak trees with and without root crown excavation.
Growthz/chlorophyll/stress measurementy Treatment Excavation Mean (SD) No excavation Mean (SD) 2004 trunk diameter (cm) 0.7 (0.4) 0.6 (0.3) 2005 trunk diameter (cm) 1.0 (0.5) 0.8 (0.3) 2006 trunk diameter (cm) 0.8 (0.5) 0.7 (0.4) 2007 trunk diameter (cm) 0.7 (0.2) 0.7 (0.2) 2005 tree height (cm) 32.5 (26.9) 21.7 (25.1) 2006 tree height (cm) 22.3 (29.2) 19.5 (35.0) 2007 tree height (cm) 53.9 (35.3) 40.6 (34.0) 2005 canopy width (cm) 20.3 (27.4) 15.2 (33.2) 2006 canopy width (cm) 36.5 (44.9) 41.3 (37.0) 2007 canopy width (cm) 51.5 (38.1) 44.0 (34.4) 2003 twig extension (cm) 8.3 (6.4) 6.1 (5.6) 2004 twig extension (cm) 13.1 (10.9) 14.2 (11.0) 2005 twig extension (cm) 10.2 (5.7) 9.5 (4.8) 2006 twig extension (cm) 9.9 (5.8) 10.4 (6.1) 2007 twig extension (cm) 9.5 (8.1) 9.0 (4.4) 2005 chlorophyll 23.4 (8.2) 25.2 (6.8) 2006 chlorophyll 24.4 (10.0) 25.7 (9.0) 2007 chlorophyll 26.4 (10.4) 21.7 (6.1) 2007 leaf scorchx 3.0 (1.8) 3.1 (1.6) - Table 4.
Growth, chlorophyll and pest activity measurements for the Dublin blue spruce trees with and without root crown excavation.
Growthz/chlorophyll/pest activity measurementy Treatment Excavation Mean (SD) No excavation Mean (SD) 2005 trunk diameter (cm) 1.0 (0.7) 1.0 (0.6) 2006 trunk diameter (cm) 0.1 (0.1) 0.1 (0.2) 2007 trunk diameter (cm) 0.5 (0.4) 0.6 (0.6) 2005 tree height (cm) 35.0 (11.1) 35.0 (26.6) 2006 tree height (cm) 18.3 (15.3) 27.2 (22.4) 2007 tree height (cm) 25.9 (17.9) 20.8 (17.7) 2005 canopy width (cm) 27.4 (19.5) 19.8 (17.9) 2006 canopy width (cm) 9.1 (17.4) 13.7 (18.4) 2007 canopy width (cm) 18.3 (18.2) 15.2 (18.5) 2004 twig extension (cm) 9.5 (2.7) 8.6 (3.2) 2005 twig extension (cm) 9.2 (2.2) 9.4 (3.2) 2006 twig extension (cm) 8.9 (2.6) 9.0 (3.4) 2007 chlorophyll 1.3 (0.4) 1.2 (0.4) 2004 mite injury (%) 16.0 (17.5) 24.2 (20.9) 2006 bagworm (no.) 18.6 (35.9) 4.4 (7.5) - Table 5.
Growth and chlorophyll measurements for the Strongsville honeylocust parking lot trees with and without root crown excavation.
Growthz/chlorophyll measurementy Treatment Excavation Mean (SD) No excavation Mean (SD) 2005 trunk diameter (cm) 0.8 (0.2) 0.8 (0.4) 2006 trunk diameter (cm) 0.4 (0.2) 0.4 (0.2) 2007 trunk diameter (cm) 0.3 (0.2) 0.7 (0.5) 2005 tree height (cm) 8.3 (14.2) 10.1 (21.5) 2006 tree height (cm) 16.6 (28.4) 33.8 (38.6) 2007 tree height (cm) 24.9 (35.5) 13.5 (22.1) 2005 canopy width (cm) 27.7 (46.1) 50.8 (37.3) 2006 canopy width (cm) 36.0 (38.1) 27.1 (23.8) 2007 canopy width (cm) 2.7 (9.1) 10.1 (21.5) 2004 twig extension (cm) 24.1 (12.6) 23.6 (12.8) 2005 twig extension (cm) 13.4 (8.9) 16.3 (12.9) 2006 twig extension (cm) 12.9 (9.3) 11.2 (9.5) 2006 chlorophyll 23.7 (10.7) 29.1 (12.7) - Table 6.
Growth and chlorophyll measurements for the Strongsville honeylocust street trees with and without root crown excavation.
Growthz/chlorophyll measurementy Treatment Excavation Mean (SD) No excavation Mean (SD) 2005 trunk diameter (cm) 0.7 (0.3) 0.7 (0.3) 2006 trunk diameter (cm) 0.4 (0.2) 0.5 (0.2) 2007 trunk diameter (cm) 0.4 (0.2) 0.3 (0.3) 2005 tree height (cm) 27.1 (28.3) 27.7 (21.3) 2006 tree height (cm) 40.6 (59.0) 38.8 (65.5) 2007 tree height (cm) 6.7 (13.4) 0.0 (0.0) 2005 canopy width (cm) 60.9 (54.9) 66.5 (50.6) 2006 canopy width (cm) 6.7 (13.4) 11.0 (15.3) 2007 canopy width (cm) 47.4 (37.6) 38.8 (23.9) 2004 twig extension (cm) 26.4 (12.3) 27.5 (11.4) 2005 twig extension (cm) 20.3 (9.7) 17.8 (9.2) 2006 twig extension (cm) 23.8 (8.0) 21.0 (8.0) 2006 chlorophyll 27.4 (9.3) 24.3 (9.4) - Table 7.
Growth, chlorophyll and stress measurements for the Dublin maple trees with and without root crown excavationz.
Growthy/chlorophyll/stress measurement Treatment Excavation Mean (SD) No excavation Mean (SD) 2005 trunk diameter (cm) 0.6 (0.3) 0.8 (0.7) 2006 trunk diameter (cm) 0.7 (0.3) 0.6 (0.4) 2007 trunk diameter (cm) 0.1 (0.2) 0.1 (0.2) 2005 tree height (cm) 13.6 (20.8) 19.7 (22.6) 2006 tree height (cm) 17.6 (23.3) 15.2 (23.1) 2007 tree height (cm) 20.9(21.4) 16.0 (18.5) 2005 canopy width (cm) 13.6 (15.5) 19.7 (14.8) 2006 canopy width (cm) 25.5 (23.2) 19.7 (20.3) 2007 canopy width (cm) 15.1 (33.2) 12.7 (25.4) 2004 twig extensionx (cm) 4.9 (3.8) 8.0 (6.3) 2005 twig extensionw (cm) 5.1 (3.5) 7.0 (5.6) 2006 twig extension (cm) 10.8 (8.5) 8.8 (11.3) 2005 chlorophyll 14.7 (5.4) 13.6 (4.9) 2006 chlorophyll 20.2 (7.2) 19.0 (4.7) 2007 chlorophyllx 9.3 (5.5) 15.1 (11.1) 2004 early fall colorv 4.0 (0.7) 4.0 (0.7) ↵z Root crown excavation included girdling root removal for approximately 20% of the trees.
↵y Growth measurements except twig extension are increase in growth from the previous year.
↵x Analysis of variance significant at P < 0.01.
↵w Analysis of variance significant at P < 0.05.
↵v Scale of 1–5; 1 = red leaves, 5 = green leaves.
SD = Standard deviation.
- Table 8.
Growth and chlorophyll measurements for the Strongsville hedge maple trees with and without root crown excavationz.
Growthy/chlorophyll measurement Treatment Excavation Mean (SD) No excavation Mean (SD) 2005 trunk diameter (cm) 0.5 (0.4) 0.6 (0.4) 2006 trunk diameter (cm) 0.3 (0.4) 0.6 (0.5) 2007 trunk diameter (cm) 0.4 (0.3) 0.6 (0.6) 2005 tree height (cm) 24.4 (18.7) 21.3 (22.3) 2006 tree height (cm) 12.5 (18.8) 13.7 (18.4) 2007 tree height (cm) 36.5 (32.9) 27.1 (23.1) 2005 canopy width (cm) 25.9 (22.7) 27.4 (27.7) 2006 canopy width (cm) 10.7 (18.4) 24.3 (33.6) 2007 canopy width (cm) 24.4 (23.6) 33.8 (38.9) 2004 twig extension (cm) 9.5 (8.4) 10.8 (11.5) 2005 twig extension (cm) 19.9 (12.4) 21.4 (13.3) 2006 twig extensionx (cm) 15.0 (12.8) 21.3 (19.1) 2006 chlorophyllw 19.6 (5.1) 23.7 (6.2) 2007 chlorophyllw 23.5 (6.4) 28.0 (6.9) ↵z Root crown excavation included girdling root removal for approximately 90% of the trees.
↵y Growth measurements except twig extension are increase in growth from the previous year.
↵x Analysis of variance significant at P < 0.05.
↵w Analysis of variance significant at P < 0.01.
SD = Standard deviation.
- Table 9.
Growth and chlorophyll measurements for the Dublin ash trees with and without root crown excavation.
Growthz/chlorophyll measurement Treatment Excavation Mean (SD) No excavation Mean (SD) 2005 trunk diameter (cm) 0.7 (0.3) 0.9 (0.4) 2006 trunk diameter (cm) 0.6 (0.3) 0.5 (0.2) 2007 trunk diameter (cm) 1.0 (0.9) 0.9 (1.1) 2005 tree height (cm) 24.3 (18.7) 31.9 (23.0) 2006 tree height (cm) 16.7 (20.8) 21.2 (28.0) 2007 tree height (cm) 36.4 (21.1) 33.4 (19.4) 2005 canopy width (cm) 18.2 (22.9) 30.4 (22.0) 2006 canopy width (cm) 21.2 (17.3) 15.2 (18.4) 2007 canopy width (cm) 25.8 (26.5) 33.4 (23.9) 2004 twig extension (cm) 6.5 (4.5) 5.6 (3.1) 2005 twig extension (cm) 8.5 (4.4) 7.7 (6.2) 2006 twig extension (cm) 8.6 (7.6) 6.5 (4.9) 2006 chlorophylly 37.8 (7.5) 34.5 (8.7) 2007 chlorophyll 24.1 (8.5) 25.0 (10.2) - Table 10.
Growth and chlorophyll measurements for the Cincinnati elm trees with and without root crown excavation.
Growthz/chlorophyll measurement Treatment Excavation Mean (SD) No excavation Mean (SD) 2005 trunk diameter (cm) 1.9 (0.7) 1.8 (1.3) 2006 trunk diameter (cm) 2.4 (3.4) 0.8 (0.5) 2007 trunk diameter (cm) 0.8 (0.5) 0.8 (0.6) 2005 tree height (cm) 2.7 (9.1) 24.3 (34.6) 2006 tree heighty (cm) 155.4 (77.9) 54.8 (79.7) 2007 tree height (cm) 6.10 (12.8) 115.8 (173.4) 2005 canopy width (cm) 155.1 (63.1) 118.8 (64.9) 2006 canopy width (cm) 57.9 (85.5) 27.4 (33.5) 2007 canopy width (cm) 45.7 (45.9) 36.5 (60.6) 2004 twig extension (cm) 17.3 (10.0) 13.7 (7.1) 2005 twig extension (cm) 11.3 (4.5) 12.1 (3.9) 2006 twig extension (cm) 9.2 (5.9) 9.2 (5.6) 2007 twig extensionx (cm) 17.6 (7.6) 13.4 (5.7) 2005 chlorophyll 33.6 (9.7) 32.3 (11.8) 2006 chlorophyll 34.7 (12.7) 31.3 (9.4) 2007 chlorophyll 29.7 (12.3) 28.3 (7.2)