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Research ArticleArticles

The Influence of Calcium Sprays to Reduce Fungicide Inputs Against Apple Scab [Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Wint.]

Glynn C. Percival and Ian Haynes
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) September 2009, 35 (5) 263-270; DOI: https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2009.040
Glynn C. Percival
Glynn C. Percival (corresponding author), Plant Physiologist/Technical Support Specialist, R.A. Bartlett Tree Research Laboratory, Europe, The University of Reading, 2 Early Gate, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AU, United Kingdom,
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Ian Haynes
Ian Haynes, Arboricultural Representative, Bartlett Tree Experts Company (Ireland) Ltd., Windmill View, Blackchurch, Rathcoole, Co Dublin, Republic Of Ireland,
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    Figure 1.

    Correlation between leaf calcium content (leaves collected in early May ca. 6 weeks after leaf flush) and scab severity at the cessation of the growing season. Intercept (calculated) = −0.0403; Coefficient = −1.50; r2 (% variation accounted for) = 0.04; P value = 0.179. ▴ = M. × purpurea ‘Eleyi’; ▪ = M. ‘Red Jade’; • = M. huphensis; × = M. ‘Cox’s Orange Pippin’ ♦ = M. ‘Golden Delicious’.

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    Table 1.

    Selected calcium foliar sprays compared for the control of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) on apple cv. Crown Gold as measured by leaf and fruit scab severity, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm values), leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD values), and leaf Ca content. Data from 2006.

    TreatmentLeaf scab severityzFruit scab severityzFv/FmySPADyLeaf Ca contentz
    Control  3.50  2.85  0.723  12.26  1.22
    Silwett  3.62ns  2.50ns  0.713ns  15.69ns  1.24ns
    Calcium chloride  2.13*  1.38*  0.813*  19.12*  1.47*
    Calcium sulfate  2.50*  2.75ns  0.803*  18.34*  1.39*
    Calcium nitrate  3.00ns  1.75*  0.797ns  14.3 ns  1.51*
    Calcium nitrate borate  2.50*  2.13*  0.800ns  13.05ns  1.46*
    Calcium hydroxide  2.13*  1.50*  0.799ns  18.70*  1.58*
    Calcium metalosate  2.75ns  2.13*  0.723ns  12.80ns  1.37*
    Calcium amino acid complex  2.38*  2.25ns  0.793ns  18.75*  1.59*
    Penconazole  1.70*  1.00*  0.811*  20.51*  1.24ns
    DF7979797979
    LSD  0.826  0.678  0.082  3.86  0.134
    Significance of Ca (P value)  0.002<0.001  0.059<0.001<0.001
    • ↵zValues mean of 8 trees.

    • ↵yValues mean of 8 trees, 10 leaves per tree.

    • Asterisk (*) indicates value significantly different from controls according to Least Significant Difference (LSD) at P < 0.05. ns = not significant different from control value.

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    Table 2.

    Selected calcium foliar sprays compared for the control of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) on apple cv. Crown Gold as measured by leaf and fruit scab severity, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm values), leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD values), and leaf Ca content. Data from 2007.

    TreatmentLeaf necrosiszFruit necrosiszFv/FmySPADyLeaf Ca contentz
    Control  4.00  3.00  0.715  11.69  1.21
    Silwett  3.88ns  2.88ns  0.702ns  13.85ns  1.24ns
    Calcium chloride  1.63*  1.25*  0.807*  19.00*  1.45*
    Calcium sulfate  2.25*  3.12ns  0.780ns  16.45*  1.36*
    Calcium nitrate  2.62*  2.25*  0.783ns  15.76*  1.50*
    Calcium nitrate borate  2.25*  2.50ns  0.788ns  14.79*  1.43*
    Calcium hydroxide  1.88*  1.88*  0.791ns  18.00*  1.51*
    Calcium metalosate  2.25*  2.38*  0.785ns  12.69ns  1.39*
    Calcium amino acid complex  2.13*  2.50ns  0.779ns  16.18*  1.57*
    Penconazole  1.45*  1.00*  0.805*  21.30*  1.26ns
    DF7979797979
    LSD  0.722  0.556  0.091  2.708  0.146
    Significance of Ca (P value)<0.001<0.001  0.004<0.001<0.001
    • ↵zValues mean of 8 trees.

    • ↵yValues mean of 8 trees, 10 leaves per tree.

    • Asterisk (*) indicates value significantly different from controls according to Least Significant Difference (LSD) at P < 0.05. ns = not significant different from control value.

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Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF): 35 (5)
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September 2009
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The Influence of Calcium Sprays to Reduce Fungicide Inputs Against Apple Scab [Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Wint.]
Glynn C. Percival, Ian Haynes
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) Sep 2009, 35 (5) 263-270; DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2009.040

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The Influence of Calcium Sprays to Reduce Fungicide Inputs Against Apple Scab [Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Wint.]
Glynn C. Percival, Ian Haynes
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) Sep 2009, 35 (5) 263-270; DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2009.040
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