Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Mean age of each group.
- Figure 2.
Differences in tension–anxiety from before and after programs. Statistical significance by the unpaired t-test **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.
- Figure 3.
Differences in anger–hate from before and after programs. Statistical significance by the unpaired t-test **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.
- Figure 4.
Differences in fatigue from before and after programs. Statistical significance by the unpaired t-test **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.
- Figure 5.
Differences in confusion from before and after programs. Statistical significance by the unpaired t-test **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.
- Figure 6.
Differences in vitality from before and after programs. Statistical significance by the unpaired t-test **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.
- Figure 7.
Differences in affinity for forests from before and after programs. Statistical significance by the unpaired t-test **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.
- Figure 8.
Differences in willingness to try new forest activities from before and after programs. Statistical significance by the unpaired t-test **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.
- Figure 9.
Differences in perception of trees as friends from before and after programs. Statistical significance by the unpaired t-test **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.
- Figure 10.
Differences in perception that trees are important from before and after programs. Statistical significance by the unpaired t-test **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.
- Figure 11.
Differences in willingness to help forests from before and after programs. Statistical significance by the unpaired t-test **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.
Tables
Elements TC TAT “Break the ice” self-introduction game X ◯ Low-impact root protection by collecting leaves X ◯ Self-introduction ◯ X 5 min “act like a tree” stretch X ◯ 5 min stretch ◯ X Demonstration ◯ ◯ Forest appreciation X ◯ “Breathe like a tree” X ◯ Touch and Hug The Tree ◯ ◯ Free tree-climbing ◯ X Treetop Relax Time X ◯ Climb down ◯ ◯ “Tree and People” picture presentation X ◯ TC = tree-climbing; TAT = tree-assisted therapy.
Group Number Species Gender Course KMTT 26 Konara Male Tree-assisted therapy KMTC 27 Konara Male Tree-climbing KFTT 26 Konara Female Tree-assisted therapy KFTC 27 Konara Female Tree-climbing HMTT 26 Hinoki Male Tree-assisted therapy HMTC 26 Hinoki Male Tree-climbing HFTT 25 Hinoki Female Tree-assisted therapy HFTC 25 Hinoki Female Tree-climbing - Table 3.
P values of three factors variance analysis of POMS differences between before and after the program.
Factors Tension/Anger Depression Anger/Hate Vitality Fatigue Confusion Konara–Hinoki 0.0011 2.27E–08 0.0004 0.0001 0.1101 0.0635 Therapy–tree-climbing 1.80E–05 0.0002 0.0053 2.40E–05 0.0011 5.12E–10 Male–female 0.0044 4.02E–05 0.0009 0.0265 0.0237 0.0610 Italic bold type is 1% significant.
Italic type is 5% significant.
POMS = Profile of Mood States.
- Table 4.
P values of factor variance analysis of five differences from before and after programs.
Factors Like forests Try act. forest Tree friend Tree import Help forest Konara–Hinoki 0.1218 0.7608 0.0141 0.5166 0.7531 Therapy–tree-climbing 7.09E–09 3.03E–05 6.42E–09 9.96E–18 1.02E–18 Male–female 0.0103 0.0042 2.59E–09 0.0359 2.31E–07 Italic bold type is 1% significant.
Italic type is 5% significant.
Factors TC fun TC scary TC pleasant TC satisfaction TC relax TC stress TC acomp Konara–Hinoki 0.0018 1.93E–05 0.0166 0.4120 0.7219 0.2501 0.2071 Therapy–tree-climbing 9.82EE–07 2.08E–09 2.60EE–13 3.97EE–10 2.61EE–11 6.46E–10 1.34EE–05 Male–female 0.0523 0.0815 0.7148 0.0295 0.0001 0.0011 0.0002 Italic bold type is 1% significant.
Italic type is 5% significant.
TC = tree-climbing; acomp = accomplishment.
- Table 6.
Spearman correlation coefficients between affinity for forests and perceptions of programs.
Group Visit forests Try act. forests TC fun TC scary TC pleasant TC satisfaction TC relax TC stress TC acomp KMTT 0.8732 0.8721 0.6838 −0.6294 0.7515 0.5021 0.4073 −0.5662 0.6455 KMTC 0.5907 0.9217 −0.4516 0.4429 0.4520 KFTT 0.6778 0.7280 0.3948 −0.4842 KFTC 0.6716 0.8591 0.5162 0.4042 HMTT 0.6183 0.6577 HMTC 0.6039 0.6333 HFTT 0.8732 0.8721 0.6838 −0.6294 0.7515 0.5021 0.4073 −0.5662 0.6455 HFTC 0.7902 0.8829 0.4143 0.4282 −0.4412 Italic bold type is 1% significant.
Italic type is 5% significant.
TC = tree-climbing; acomp = accomplishment.
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