A Review of Root Barrier Research

LITERATURE CITED

1. ↵
   1. Achinelli, F.G.,
   2. J.L. Marquina, and
   3. R.M. Marlats

   . 1997. Exploratory study of the relationships between tree growth, site conditions, and maintenance practices in street plantings of Fraxinus pennsylvanica marshall of La Plata City, Argentina. Arboricultural Journal 21: 305–315.

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2. ↵
   1. Watson, G., and
   2. D. Neely

   1. Barker, P.A.

   1994. Root barriers for controlling damage to sidewalks. In Watson, G., and D. Neely (Eds.). The Landscape Below Ground. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Tree Root Development in Urban Soils. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL. pp. 179–185.
3. ↵
   1. Barker, P.A.

   1995a. Managed development of tree roots. I. Ultra-deep root-ball and root barrier effects on European hackberry. Journal of Arboriculture 21: 202–208.

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4. ↵
   1. Barker, P.A.

   1995b. Managed development of tree roots II. Ultra-deep root-ball and root barrier effects on Southwestern black cherry. Journal of Arboriculture 21: 251–258.

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5. ↵
   1. Barker, P.A., and
   2. P.J. Peper

   . 1995. Strategies to prevent damage to sidewalks by tree roots. Arboricultural Journal 19: 295–309.

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6. ↵
   1. Benavides Meza, H.M.

   1992. Current situation of the urban forest in Mexico City. Journal of Arboriculture 18: 33–36.

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7. ↵
   1. Neely, D., and
   2. G.W. Watson

   1. Coder, K.

   1998. Root growth control: Managing perceptions and realities. In Neely, D., and G.W. Watson (Eds.). The Landscape Below Ground II: Proceedings of an International Workshop on Tree Root Development in Urban Soils. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL. pp. 51–81.
8. ↵
   1. Costello, L.R.,
   2. C.L. Elmore, and
   3. S. Steinmaus

   . 1997. Tree root response to circling root barriers. Journal of Arboriculture 23: 211–218.

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9. ↵
   1. Craul, P.J.

   1992. Urban Soil in Landscape Design. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY. 416 pp.
10. ↵
    1. D’Amato, N.E.,
    2. T.D. Sydnor,
    3. R. Hunt, and
    4. B. Bishop

    . 2002a. Root growth beneath sidewalks near trees of four genera. Journal of Arboriculture 28: 283–290.

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11. ↵
    1. D’Amato, N.E.,
    2. T.D. Sydnor,
    3. M. Knee,
    4. R. Hunt, and
    5. B. Bishop

    . 2002b. Which comes first, the root or the crack? Journal of Arboriculture 28: 277–282.

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12. ↵
    1. Francis, J.K.,
    2. B.R. Parresol, and
    3. J.M. De Patino

    . 1996. Probability of damage to sidewalks and curbs by street trees in the tropics. Journal of Arboriculture 22: 193–197.

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13. ↵
    1. Watson, G., and
    2. D. Neely

    1. Gilman, E.F.

    1995. Root barriers affect root distribution. In Watson, G., and D. Neely (Eds.). Trees and Building Sites: Proceedings of an International Workshop on Trees and Buildings, Chicago, IL. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL. pp. 64–67.
14. ↵
    1. Gilman, E.F.

    1996. Root barriers affect root distribution. Journal of Arboriculture 22: 151–154.

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15. ↵
    1. Gilman, E.F.

    2006. Deflecting roots near sidewalks. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry 32: 18–23.

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16. ↵
    1. Hamilton, D.

    1984. Sidewalk/curb-breaking tree roots 2. Management to minimize existing pavement problems by tree roots. Arboricultural Journal 8: 223–233.

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17. ↵
    1. James, B.L.

    1. Knight, P.R.,
    2. D.J. Eakes,
    3. C.H. Gilliam, and
    4. J.A. Raeder

    . 1992. Root control techniques for the urban landscape. In James, B.L. (Ed.). Proceedings of the Southern Nurserymen’s Association Research Conference Annual Report. Southern Nurserymen’s Association, Inc., Marietta, GA. pp. 39–41.
18. ↵
    1. Watson, G., and
    2. D. Neely

    1. Kopinga, J.

    1994. Aspects of the damage to asphalt road pavings caused by roots. In Watson, G., and D. Neely (Eds.). The Landscape Below Ground. Proceedings of an International Workshop on Tree Root Development in Urban Soils. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL. pp. 165–178.
19. ↵
    1. Watson, G.W., and
    2. D. Neely

    1. McPherson, G., and
    2. P.J. Peper

    . 1995. Infrastructure repair costs associated with street trees in 15 cities. In Watson, G.W., and D. Neely (Eds.). Trees and Building Sites: Proceedings of an International Workshop on Trees and Buildings. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL. pp. 49–63.
20. ↵
    1. Mead, J.M.

    1994. Trees and buildings: Insurance consequences. Arboricultural Journal 18: 149–154.

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21. ↵
    1. Nicoll, B.C., and
    2. A. Armstrong

    . 1998. Development of Prunus root systems in a city street: Pavement damage and root architecture. Arboricultural Journal 22: 259–270.

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22. ↵
    1. Claridge, J.

    1. Nicoll, B.C., and
    2. M.P. Coutts

    . 1997. Direct damage by urban tree roots: Paving the way for less damaging street trees. In Claridge, J. (Eds.) Arboricultural Practice, Present and Future. Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, Norwich, U.K. pp. 77–84.
23. ↵
    1. Watson, G., and
    2. D. Neely

    1. Peper, P.J.

    1998. Comparison of root barriers installed at two depths for reduction of white mulberry roots in the soil surface. In Watson, G., and D. Neely (Eds.). The Landscape Below Ground II: Proceedings of an International Workshop on Tree Root Development in Urban Soils. International Society of Arboriculture, San Francisco, CA. pp. 82–93.
24. ↵
    1. Peper, P.J., and
    2. S. Mori

    . 1999. Controlling root depth of post-transplant trees: Extension casing and root barrier effects on Chinese hackberry. Journal of Arboriculture 25: 1–8.

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25. ↵
    1. Perry, T.O.

    1982. The ecology of tree roots and the practical significance thereof. Journal of Arboriculture 8: 197–211.

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26. ↵
    1. Rajani, B.

    2002. Best Practices for Concrete Sidewalk Construction: Construction Technology Update #54. Institute for Research in Construction, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa.
27. ↵
    1. Randrup, T.B.,
    2. E.G. McPherson, and
    3. L.R. Costello

    . 2001. A review of tree root conflicts with sidewalks, curbs, and roads. Urban Ecosystems 5: 209–225.

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28. ↵
    1. Reichwein, S.

    2002. Baumwurzeln unter Verkehrsflachen: Untersuchungen zu Schaden an Verkehrsflachen durch Baumwurzeln und Ansatze zur Schadensbehelbung und Schadensvermeidung. Fachbereich Landschaftsarchitektur und Umweltentwicklung. Universitat Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
29. ↵
    1. Sydnor, T.D.,
    2. D. Gamstetter,
    3. J. Nichols,
    4. B. Bishop,
    5. J. Favorite,
    6. C. Blazer, and
    7. L. Turpin

    . 2000. Trees are not the root of sidewalk problems. Journal of Arboriculture 26: 20–29.

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30. ↵
    1. Thompson, R.P.

    2006. The State of Urban and Community Forestry in California. Urban Forest Ecosystems Institute, San Luis Obispo, CA. p. 48.
31. ↵
    1. Urban, J.

    1995. Root barriers: An evaluation. Landscape Architecture. 84: 28–31.

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32. ↵
    1. Cross, B. and
    2. H.B. Scher

    1. Van Voris, P.,
    2. D.A. Cataldo,
    3. C.E. Cowan,
    4. N.R. Gordon,
    5. J.F. Cline,
    6. F.G. Burton, and
    7. W.E. Skeins

    . 1988. Long-term, controlled release of herbicides: Root growth reduction. In Cross, B. and H.B. Scher (Eds.). Pesticide Formulations: Innovations and Developments. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. pp. 222–240.
33. ↵
    1. Vogt, K.A.,
    2. R.I. Edmonds, and
    3. C.C. Grier

    . 1981. Seasonal changes in biomass and vertical distribution of mycorrhizal and fibrous-textured conifer fine roots in 23- and 180-year old subalpine Abies amabilis stands. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 11: 223–229.

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34. ↵
    1. Wagar, J.A.

    1985. Reducing surface rooting of trees with control planters and wells. Journal of Arboriculture 11: 165–171.

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35. ↵
    1. Wagar, J.A., and
    2. P.A. Barker

    . 1983. Tree root damage to sidewalks and curbs. Journal of Arboriculture 9: 177–181.

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36. ↵
    1. Wagar, J.A., and
    2. P.A. Barker

    . 1993. Effectiveness of three barrier materials for stopping regenerating roots of established trees. Journal of Arboriculture 19: 332–338.

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37. ↵
    1. Wagar, J.A., and
    2. A.L. Franklin

    . 1994. Sidewalk effects on soil moisture and temperature. Journal of Arboriculture 20: 237–238.

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38. ↵
    1. Wilson, B.F.

    1967. Root growth around barriers. Botanical Gazette 128: 79–82.

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39. ↵
    1. Wong, T.W.,
    2. J.E.G. Good, and
    3. M.P. Denne

    . 1988. Tree root damage to pavements and kerbs in the city of Manchester. Arboricultural Journal 12: 17–34.

    OpenUrl