Preventing Sapsucker Damage on Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum)

LITERATURE CITED

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   1. Eberhardt, L.S.

   2000. Use and selection of sap trees by yellow-bellied sapsuckers. The Auk 117: 41–51.

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   . 1974. Sapsucker feeding damages crown-released yellow birch trees. Journal of Forestry 72: 760–764.

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   1. Kilham, L.

   1964. The relations of breeding yellow-bellied sapsuckers to wounded birches and other trees. The Auk 81: 520–527.

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   1. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources

   . 1997. Animal Damage—Sapsucker Damage. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. Forest Insect and Disease Newsletter. June 1997. The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources web site (online). www.dnr.state.mn.us/fid/june97/06209714.html (accessed 10/26/2006).
5. ↵
   1. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources

   . 1999. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. Forest Insect and Disease Newsletter June 1999. The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources web site (online). www.dnr.state.mn.us/fid/june99/06019906.html (accessed 10/26/2006).
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   1. Ostry, M.E., and
   2. T.H. Nicholls

   . 1976. How to Identify and Control Sapsucker Injury on Trees. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station.
7. ↵
   1. Shigo, A.L.

   1963. Ring Shake Associated with Sapsucker Injury. U.S. Forest Service Research Paper NE-8.
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   1. Tate, J.

   1973. Methods and annual sequence of foraging by the sapsucker. The Auk 90: 840–856.

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   1. White, T.C.

   1984. The abundance of invertebrate herbivores in relation to the availability of nitrogen in stressed food plants. Oecologia 63: 90–105.

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