Comparison of Structural and Noncompacted Soils for Trees Surrounded by Pavement

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Figure 1.
Research plot photographed from above in July 2005, approximately 14 months after plot establishment, labeled to show the different treatments: compacted soil, Stalite, Stalite/soil mixture, gravel/soil mixture, and suspended pavement over noncompacted soil.

Table 1.

Snowgoose cherry (Prunus serrulata) conditions 14 months after planting in 200 ft³ of soil medium covered with concrete.

Treatment	Average trunk diameter (cm)	Average diameter change since planting (cm)	Average twig growth 2005 (cm)	Average visual foliar rating (0–5 scale)	Average SPAD	Average SPAD change since planting	Average visual dieback (percentage of crown)	Total root length at rhizotron window (cm)
Gravel/soil	2.77 a^*	0.433 a	10.13 b	3.83 ab	42.35 b	−6.3 ab	5.83 a	1580
Stalite/soil	2.68 a	0.283 bc	9.37 b	3.17 bc	40.63 bc	−2.3 ab	12.50 a	24
Stalite	2.53 b	0.183 c	2.23 b	2.67 c	36.05 c	−6.7 ab	15.83 a	774
Compacted soil	2.75 a	0.350 ab	7.80 b	3.17 bc	39.15 bc	−8.6 b	31.67 b	37
Noncompacted soil	2.80 a	0.417 a	21.70 a	4.33 a	47.47 a	−0.25 a	9.17 a	1415

↵* Means with the same letter were not significantly different as determined by analysis of variance with Student-Newman-Keuls separation of mean (P = 0.05).

Table 2.

Bosque lacebark elm (Ulmus parvifolia) conditions 14 months after planting in 200 ft³ of soil medium covered with concrete.

Treatment	Average trunk diameter (cm)	Average diameter change since planting (cm)	Average twig growth 2005 (cm)	Average visual foliar rating (0–5 scale)	Average SPAD	Average SPAD change since planting	Average visual dieback (percentage of crown)	Total root length at rhizotron window (cm)
Gravel/soil	2.35 a^*	0.52 ab	23.97 a	3.5 ab	37.93 b	−7.48 ab	0 a	3
Stalite/soil	2.12 b	0.28 bc	11.33 c	3.0 b	36.48 b	−0.35 a	0 a	0
Stalite	1.97 b	0.15 c	3.13 d	1.0 c	13.30 c	−16.80 b	6.7 b	0
Compacted soil	2.38 a	0.52 ab	17.33 b	2.8 b	33.95 b	−6.28 ab	0 a	0
Noncompacted soil	2.57 a	0.65 a	24.73 a	4.0 a	44.00 a	−0.88 a	0 a	61

↵* Means with the same letter were not significantly different as determined by analysis of variance with Student-Newman-Keuls separation of mean (P = 0.05).