Research ArticleArticles

Comparison of Structural and Noncompacted Soils for Trees Surrounded by Pavement

E. Thomas Smiley, Lisa Calfee, Bruce R. Fraedrich and Emma J. Smiley
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) July 2006, 32 (4) 164-169; DOI: https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2006.022

Article Information

vol. 32 no. 4 164-169
DOI 
https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2006.022
Published By 
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF)
Online ISSN 
2155-0778
History 
  • Published online July 1, 2006.
Copyright & Usage 
© 2006, International Society of Arboriculture. All rights reserved.

Author Information

  1. E. Thomas Smiley,
  2. Lisa Calfee,
  3. Bruce R. Fraedrich and
  4. Emma J. Smiley
  1. E. Thomas Smiley, Ph.D. (corresponding author), Arboricultural Researcher, Bartlett Tree Research Laboratory, Adjunct Professor, Clemson University, 13768 Hamilton Road, Charlotte, NC 28278, U.S. tsmiley{at}bartlettlab.com
  2. Lisa Calfee, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Queens University, Charlotte, NC, U.S.
  3. Bruce R. Fraedrich, Ph.D., Director, Bartlett Tree Research Laboratory, Charlotte, NC, U.S.
  4. Emma J. Smiley, Research Technician, Bartlett Tree Research Laboratory, Charlotte, NC, U.S.
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Comparison of Structural and Noncompacted Soils for Trees Surrounded by Pavement
E. Thomas Smiley, Lisa Calfee, Bruce R. Fraedrich, Emma J. Smiley
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) Jul 2006, 32 (4) 164-169; DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2006.022
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