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Tables
- Table 1.
Two-factor analysis of variance relating race and city to park participation and attitudes.
Adjusted means* Race City ANOVA P-values Black White Atlanta Philadelphia Race City Interaction Frequency of visits 1.67 2.30 2.09 2.05 .000 .848 .150 Perceived benefits 2.50 2.60 2.60 2.55 .001 .301 .260 Park preferences Nature 2.05 2.19 2.19 2.07 .003 .011 .061 Recreation facilities 2.58 2.27 2.44 2.31 .000 .000 .213 Maintenance/security 2.83 2.76 2.80 2.70 .011 .118 .177 Ethnicity 2.13 1.69 1.87 1.81 .000 .147 .961 Traditional park 2.48 2.11 2.24 2.24 .000 .885 .586 Activities Alone/solitary 1.67 1.77 1.72 1.76 .063 .460 .473 Group 1.97 1.80 1.92 1.77 .002 .001 .098 Willingness to volunteer 2.44 1.72 2.19 1.71 .000 .002 .616 ↵* Adjusted for the effect of the other factor (race or city).
- Table 2.
Analysis of covariance relating race and city to park participation and attitude, adjusting for age, gender, education, and income.
Adjusted means* Race City ANOVA P-values Black White Atlanta Philadelphia Race City Interaction Frequency of visits 1.82 2.22 1.98 2.19 .016 .171 .258 Perceived benefits 2.52 2.60 2.58 2.56 .032 .744 .677 Park preferences Nature 2.08 2.17 2.17 2.11 .081 .163 .066 Recreation facilities 2.55 2.29 2.45 2.36 .000 .000 .850 Maintenance/security 2.81 2.76 2.80 2.76 .104 .150 .046 Ethnicity 2.08 1.72 1.89 1.81 .000 .122 .548 Traditional park 2.45 2.11 2.25 2.20 .000 .316 .647 Activities Alone/solitary 1.69 1.76 1.71 1.78 .218 .236 .768 Group 1.94 1.80 1.90 1.77 .012 .012 .139 Willingness to volunteer 2.53 1.71 2.16 1.82 .000 .036 .785 ↵* Adjusted for the effect of the other factor (race or city) and covariates of age, gender, education, and income.
- Table 3.
Standardized regression coefficients relating the covariates of gender, age, education, and income to park participation and attitudes.
Beta values Gender Age Education Income Frequency of visits −.051 −.138** .077 .122** Perceived benefits .010 −.002 .008 .193*** Park preferences Nature −.119** −.134** .056 .057 Recreation facilities .074 −.052 −.138** −.161*** Maintenance/security .125** .081 −.067 .027 Ethnic concerns .112** .003 −.062 −.198*** Traditional park landscapes .142*** .038 −.104* −.104* Activities Alone/solitary −.033 .060 .116 .088 Group .075 −.216*** −.071 .023 Willingness to volunteer −.025 −.227*** −.027 −.040
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