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Occasional use (1 point) low-use roadways (i.e., dead-end roads, turnarounds)
Intermittent use (2 points)roadway intersections in high-use areas
parking lots adjacent to moderate- and low-use areas
dispersed picnic areas
Frequent use (3 points)high-use roadway
all buildings and residences
schoolyards
specially marked handicap-access areas
parking lots
1 point: parts less than 5.1 cm (2 in.) in diameter 2 points: parts from 5.1 to 25.4 cm (2 to 10 in.) in diameter 3 points: parts from 25.5 to 50.8 cm (10 to 20 in.) in diameter 4 points: parts greater than 50.8 cm (20 in.) in diameter Low: Some minor defects present (1 point) minor branch dieback
minor defects or wounds
Moderate: One to several moderate defects present (2 points)stem decay or cavity within safe shell decay
weak union with in-rolled bark
defects(s) affecting less than 50% of tree’s circumference
leaning tree (away from target area; greater than 45-degree angle) without new root lifting
High: Multiple or significant defects present (3 points)stem decay or cavity at shell safety limits
multiple cracks or a single crack that goes completely through the stem
weak union with crack or decay
defect(s) affecting more than 50% of tree’s circumference, with decay present
leaning tree (toward target area; greater than 45-degree angle) with recent root lifting or soil mounding
dead or lodged branches; dead trees
- Table 4.
Frequency distribution of trees per hazard rating and mean rating for trees found during the windshield survey.
Hazard rating Number of trees Percentage of total Cumulative percentage 6 147 13% 13% 7 252 23% 36% 8 226 20% 56% 9 247 22% 78% 10 158 14% 92% 11 68 6% 98% 12 18 2% 100% Trees found 1116 Mean score 8.3 Hazard rating Total hazard trees found by by walking survey Percentage of walking survey hazard trees found by windshield survey 7–12 94 58% 8–12 55 69% 9–12 30 79% 10–12 17 89% - Table 6.
Number of hazard trees found by windshield survey expressed as a percentage of hazard trees found by walking survey, arranged by area. Developed and undeveloped areas are explained in the text. There were insufficient trees rated ≥ 10 in undeveloped areas to provide a percentage.
Hazard rating Developed areas Undeveloped areas 7–12 66% 49% 8–12 81% 50% 9–12 96% 50% 10–12 100% n/a
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