Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Diagram of a 230-kV electric transmission line, showing wire and border zones. A combination of a low-growing forb–shrub–grass cover type develops in the wire zone, and a tall shrub cover type occurs in the border zone. Adjacent to the border zone is mature forest.
- Figure 2.
An eastern towhee nest in a low-volume basal spray unit (photo taken by R. Yahner, May 2002).
Tables
- Table 1.
Nesting bird species and number of nests established (number of nests successfully fledging young in parentheses) in 2002, 2003, and both years combined on the right-of-way on the State Game Lands 33 Research and Demonstration Area, Centre County, Pennsylvania.
Bird species 2002 2003 Both years Indigo bunting (Passerina cyanea) 7 (1) 10 (7) 17 (8) Field sparrow (Spizella pusilla) 7 (3) 5 (2) 12 (5) Gray catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) 3 (2) 3 (3) 6 (5) Eastern towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) 5 (2) 1 (1) 6 (3) Common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) 4 (2) 1 (1) 5 (3) Chestnut-sided warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica) 2 (0) 2 (1) 4 (1) American robin (Turdus migratorius) 1 (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) Red-eyed vireo (Vireo olivaceus) 2 (1) 0 2 (1) Veery (Hylocichla fucescens) 1 (0) 1 (0) 2 (0) Cedar waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum) 1 (1) 0 1 (1) All species combined 33 (13) 26 (17) 59 (30) - Table 2.
Nesting bird species, number of nests established in both years combined for each of the three principal treatment units, and number of nests per unit area for each unit on the right-of-way on the State Game Lands 33 Research and Demonstration Area, Centre County, Pennsylvania.
Bird species Handcut Low-volume basal Mowing + herbicide Indigo bunting 1 8 3 Field sparrow 0 6 2 Gray catbird 4 2 0 Eastern towhee 1 2 2 Common yellowthroat 0 1 1 Chestnut-sided warbler 0 3 0 American robin 2 1 0 Red-eyed vireo 1 1 0 Cedar waxwing 0 1 0 Total number of species 5 9 4 Total number of nests 9 25 8 Number of nests/ha/yr 3.8 11.4 5 Number of nests/ac/yr 1.5 4.6 2 - Table 3.
Number of nests established per bird species in various plant species on the right-of-way on the State Game Lands 33 Research and Demonstration Area, Centre County, Pennsylvania.
Plant species No. nests Bird species (no. nests) Blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis) 17 indigo bunting (9), gray catbird (1), eastern towhee (1), chestnut-sided warbler (4), red-eyed vireo (1), veery (1) Witch-hazel (Hammamelis virginiana) 10 indigo bunting (4), gray catbird (1), eastern towhee (1), American robin (1), red-eyed vireo (1), veery (1), cedar waxwing (1) Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) 8 field sparrow (4), eastern towhee (1), common yellowthroat (2) Sweet fern (Comptonia peregrina) 4 indigo bunting (1), field sparrow (3), Multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora) 3 gray catbird (1), American robin (2) White oak (Quercus alba) sprouts 3 gray catbird (2), eastern towhee (1), indigo bunting (1) Meadow-sweet (Spirea alba) 2 indigo bunting (1), field sparrow (1) Chestnut oak (Q. montana) sprouts 1 gray catbird (1) Blackberry/sweet fern combined 1 field sparrow (1) Blueberry/sweet fern combined 1 common yellowthroat (1) Hay-scented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula)/sweet fern combined 1 eastern towhee (1) Rough goldenrod (Solidago rugosa) 1 field sparrow (1) Rough goldenrod/hay-scented fern combined 1 common yellowthroat (1) Rough goldenrod/sweet fern combined 1 field sparrow (1) Gooseberry (Ribes rotundifolium) 1 field sparrow (1) Tartarian honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica) 1 gray catbird (1) Ground level 1 eastern towhee (1) - Table 4.
Number of nests established per bird species in wire versus border zones in both years combined on the right-of-way on the State Game Lands 33 Research and Demonstration Area, Centre County, Pennsylvania.
Bird species Wire zone Border zone Indigo bunting 9 6 Field sparrow 12 0 Gray catbird 2 4 Eastern towhee 3 3 Common yellowthroat 2 3 Chestnut-sided warbler 2 2 American robin 2 1 Red-eyed vireo 0 2 Veery 0 2 Cedar waxwing 1 0 All species combined 33 23
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