Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1.
Annual and total shoot growth (cm) for 4 years and total reduction expressed as a percentage of untreated controls for white and red oak in Indiana untreated and treated in April 1995 with paclobutrazol using the soil drench method.
Treatment Year 4-year total Percentage reduction 1995 1996 1997 1998 White oak Central leader Control 42.9 a 46.6 a 41.1 a 40.9 a 170.5 a Treated 39.0 a 20.0 b 6.6 b 10.5 b 76.1 b 55 Shoots in upper crown Control 38.5 a 36.9 a 39.6 a 31.3 a 146.3 a Treated 31.2 a 14.6 b 7.0 b 8.1 b 60.9 b 58 Shoots in lower crown Control 28.2 a 34.1 a 32.8 a 26.6 a 121.7 a Treated 20.2 a 9.3 b 3.4 b 5.8 b 38.7 b 68 Red oak Central leader Control 91.0 a 51.3 a 62.4 a 45.4 a 250.1 a Treated 76.9 a 26.3 b 12.5 b 14.9 b 130.6 b 48 Shoots in upper crown Control 72.5 a 42.3 a 40.6 a 37.4 a 192.8 a Treated 67.4 a 18.6 b 8.9 b 12.3 b 107.2 b 44 Shoots in lower crown Control 44.0 a 35.1 a 31.6 a 20.1 a 130.8 a Treated 51.5 a 20.0 a 5.2 b 7.2 b 83.9 b 36 Pairs of values followed by the same lowercase letter are not significantly different at the P ≤ 0.05 level.
- Table 2.
Annual and total shoot growth (cm) for 3 years and total reduction expressed as a percentage of untreated controls of seven species of trees in Indiana untreated and treated in April 1996 with paclobutrazol using the soil injection method.
Treatment Year 3-year total Percentage reduction 1996 1997 1998 Black walnut Central leader Control 27.5 a 13.5 a 7.5 a 48.5 a Treated 12.5 a 8.9 a 6.8 a 28.2 a 42 Lateral shoots Control 10.0 a 10.5 a 8.2 a 28.7 a Treated 7.0 a 5.6 a 4.8 a 17.4 a 39 Red oak Central leader Control 71.7 a 45.7 a 31.2 a 148.6 a Treated 64.3 b 31.3 b 28.1 a 123.7 a 17 Lateral shoots Control 55.4 a 23.4 a 21.5 a 100.3 a Treated 40.1 b 17.5 a 16.2 a 73.8 a 26 Sweetgum Central leader Control 51.5 a 54.7 a 67.0 a 173.2 a Treated 0.8 b 0.3 b 0.3 b 1.4 b 99 Lateral shoots Control 34.0 a 27.7 a 21.7 a 83.4 a Treated 0.7 b 0.3 b 0.2 b 1.2 b 99 White ash Central leader Control 44.8 a 37.5 a 37.5 a 119.8 a Treated 31.3 b 26.3 b 35.0 a 92.6 a 23 Lateral shoots Control 31.0 a 20.5 a 15.2 a 66.7 a Treated 24.0 a 17.5 a 13.9 a 55.4 a 17 White oak Central leader Control 37.3 a 32.0 a 28.7 a 98.0 a Treated 18.2 b 13.7 b 20.7 a 52.6 b 46 Lateral shoots Control 41.7 a 28.7 a 32.8 a 103.2 a Treated 14.7 b 10.0 b 10.2 b 34.9 b 66 White pine Central leader Control 95.3 a 82.3 a 89.8 a 267.4 a Treated 84.0 b 48.0 b 55.7 b 187.7 b 30 Lateral shoots Control 55.4 a 46.5 a 37.2 a 139.1 a Treated 50.0 a 34.7 b 28.6 b 113.3 b 19 Yellow poplar Central leader Control 53.7 a 43.0 a 63.3 a 160.0 a Treated 37.0 b 44.1 a 59.5 a 140.6 a 12 Lateral shoots Control 32.3 a 28.3 a 24.7 a 85.3 a Treated 21.8 b 22.4 a 18.6 a 62.8 a 26 Pairs of values followed by the same lowercase letter are not significantly different at the P ≤ 0.05 level.
- Table 3.
Annual and total shoot growth (cm) for 2 years and total reduction expressed as a percentage of untreated controls of sweetgum and cherrybark oak in Louisiana untreated and treated in March 1997 with paclobutrazol using the soil drench method.
Treatment Year 2-year total Percentage reduction 1997 1998 Sweetgum Central leader Control 83.5 a 89.3 a 172.8 a Treated 6.5 b 1.4 b 7.9 b 95 Lateral shoots Control 33.3 a 28.0 a 61.3 a Treated 1.4 b 1.1 b 2.5 b 96 Cherrybark oak Central leader Control 36.1 a 30.0 a 66.1 a Treated 31.2 a 4.2 b 35.4 b 46 Lateral shoots Control 24.8 a 25.0 a 49.8 a Treated 23.9 a 4.8 b 28.7 b 42 Pairs of values followed by the same lowercase letter are not significantly different at the P ≤ 0.05 level.
- Table 4.
Annual xylem ring increment (mm) 50 cm from the ground line for white and red oak for the year prior to treatment and for 4 years after treatment with paclobutrazol in April 1995 using the soil drench method, with total reduction expressed as a percentage of untreated controls.
Treatment Year Total 1995–98 Percentage reduction Prior After treatment 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 White oak Control 4.95 a 4.43 a 5.06 a 4.50 a 6.11 a 20.10 a Treated 5.30 a 1.60 b 0.99 b 0.70 b 0.71 b 4.00 b 80 Red oak Control 6.19 a 4.65 a 4.65 a 4.03 a 5.57 a 18.90 a Treated 6.24 a 2.68 b 1.78 b 1.37 b 1.81 b 7.64 b 60 Pairs of values followed by the same lowercase letter are not significantly different at the P ≤ 0.05 level.
- Table 5.
Annual xylem ring increment (mm) for the year prior to treatment and for 3 years after treatment with paclobutrazol in April 1996 using the soil injection method on eight tree species growing in Indiana, with total reduction expressed as a percentage of untreated controls.
Treatment Year Total 1996–98 Percentage reduction Prior After treatment 1995 1996 1997 1998 Black walnut Within crown Control 1.36 a 1.38 a 1.06 a 1.08 a 3.52 a Treated 0.82 a 1.28 a 0.99 a 0.94 a 3.21 a 9 Mid-trunk (2—4 m high) Control 2.05 a 2.44 a 1.46 a 1.67 a 5.57 a Treated 1.74 a 1.54 a 1.14 a 1.40 a 4.08 a 27 Base of trunk (10 cm above ground line) Control 1.86 a 1.42 a 1.25 a 1.66 a 4.33 a Treated 2.06 a 1.61 a 1.05 a 1.04 a 3.70 a 15 European black alder Within crown Control 2.06 a 1.84 a 1.46 a 1.50 a 4.80 a Treated 2.59 a 1.20 a 1.11 a 1.29 a 3.60 a 25 Mid-trunk (2—4 m high) Control 5.80 a 5.00 a 3.90 a 6.27 a 15.17 a Treated 3.15 a 2.16 b 1.27 b 2.40 b 5.83 b 62 Base of trunk (10 cm above ground line) Control 5.19 a 3.85 a 3.30 a 4.45 a 11.60 a Treated 5.00 a 3.25 a 2.73 a 2.25 b 8.23 a 29 Red oak Within crown Control 3.14 a 2.16 a 2.07 a 3.36 a 7.59 a Treated 4.54 a 2.38 a 1.80 a 2.85 a 7.03 a 7 Mid-trunk (2—4 m high) Control 4.32 a 2.82 a 2.37 a 3.38 a 8.57 a Treated 4.17 a 2.23 a 1.79 a 2.60 a 6.62 a 23 Base of trunk (10 cm above ground line) Control 5.87 a 4.39 a 3.39 a 4.91 a 12.69 a Treated 5.97 a 3.19 b 2.04 a 3.57 a 8.80 a 31 Sweetgum Within crown Control 4.68 a 4.23 a 3.78 a 4.26 a 12.27 a Treated 4.18 a 1.99 b 1.66 b 1.54 b 5.19 b 58 Mid-trunk (2—4 m high) Control 4.50 a 4.42 a 3.51 a 3.58 a 11.51 a Treated 3.54 a 2.46 b 2.17 b 2.07 a 6.70 b 42 Base of trunk (10 cm above ground line) Control 4.10 a 4.44 a 4.97 a 4.93 a 14.34 a Treated 3.78 a 3.37 b 3.45 b 4.13 a 10.95 b 24 White ash Within crown Control 1.55 a 1.63 a 1.95 a 2.07 a 5.65 a Treated 1.09 a 1.27 a 1.32 a 1.48 a 4.07 a 28 Mid-trunk (2—4 m high) Control 2.21 a 2.11 a 2.21 a 2.15 a 6.47 a Treated 1.39 a 1.62 a 1.55 a 1.66 a 4.83 a 25 Base of trunk (10 cm above ground line) Control 2.03 a 2.25 a 1.92 a 2.25 a 6.42 a Treated 1.67 a 1.57 a 1.30 a 1.71 a 4.58 a 29 White oak Within crown Control 2.42 a 2.17 a 1.84 a 2.68 a 6.69 a Treated 2.46 a 1.08 a 0.80 b 0.97 b 2.85 b 57 Mid-trunk (2—4 m high) Control 3.02 a 2.98 a 2.69 a 3.26 a 8.93 a Treated 2.30 a 1.04 a 0.90 b 1.11 b 3.05 b 66 Base of trunk (10 cm above ground line) Control 4.11 a 2.94 a 2.91 a 4.36 a 10.21 a Treated 3.63 a 1.40 a 0.95 b 1.16 b 3.51 b 66 White pine Within crown Control 4.71 a 4.95 a 8.67 a 10.50 a 24.12 a Treated 5.35 a 5.67 a 4.42 b 5.29 b 15.38 b 36 Mid-trunk (2—4 m high) Control 9.77 a 9.05 a 10.39 a 10.77 a 30.21 a Treated 8.48 a 8.79 a 8.42 b 10.17 a 27.38 a 9 Base of trunk (10 cm above ground line) Control 9.17 a 11.32 a 9.84 a 12.08 a 33.24 a Treated 8.95 a 9.33 b 8.22 a 11.46 a 29.01 a 13 Yellow poplar Within crown Control 2.83 a 2.64 a 2.98 a 3.65 a 9.27 a Treated 2.74 a 1.92 a 2.57 a 3.83 a 8.32 a 10 Mid-trunk (2—4 m high) Control 3.28 a 2.55 a 2.71 a 3.99 a 9.25 a Treated 2.68 a 1.88 a 2.33 a 3.62 a 7.83 a 15 Base of trunk (10 cm above ground line) Control 2.47 a 2.25 a 2.20 a 3.90 a 8.35 a Treated 2.25 a 2.16 a 2.63 a 4.16 a 8.95 a (−7) Pairs of values for each set of control and treated trees followed by the same lowercase letter are not significantly different at the P ≤ 0.05 level.
- Table 6.
Annual xylem ring increment (mm) for the year prior to treatment and for 2 years after treatment with paclobutrazol in March 1997 using the soil drench method for cherrybark oak and sweetgum growing in Louisiana, with total reduction expressed as a percentage of untreated controls.
Treatment Year Total 1997–98 Percentage reduction Prior After treatment 1996 1997 1998 Cherrybark oak Within crown (2–4 m high) Control 2.00 a 2.22 a 1.82 a 4.04 a Treated 1.60 a 1.06 b 0.82 b 1.88 b 53 At base of tree (10 cm above ground line) Control 4.63 a 5.86 a 5.74 a 11.60 a Treated 4.21 a 3.19 b 1.89 b 5.08 b 56 Sweetgum Within crown (2–4 m high) Control 1.75 a 1.85 a 0.99 a 2.84 a Treated 1.29 a 1.52 b 0.88 a 2.40 a 15 At base of tree (10 cm above ground line) Control 2.91 a 1.83 a 1.76 a 3.59 a Treated 2.01 a 1.21 b 1.34 a 2.55 b 29 Pairs of values followed by the same lowercase letter are not significantly different at the P ≤ 0.05 level.
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