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Research ArticleArticles

Discolored and Decayed Wood Associated with Injection Wounds in American Elm

Alex L. Shigo and Richard Campana
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) December 1977, 3 (12) 230-235; DOI: https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1977.060
Alex L. Shigo
Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Forest Service, USDA, Upper Darby, Pa.
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Richard Campana
Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Forest Service, USDA, Upper Darby, Pa.
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Article Figures & Data

Figures

  • Fig. 1.
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    Fig. 1.

    Dissection of noninjected tree that died from Dutch elm disease. The sapwood was clear. Discoloration associated with the disease was in the tissues between the wood and bark.

  • Fig. 2.
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    Fig. 2.

    The discolored wood associated with the four USFS injection wounds in this tree was well compartmentalized within the tissues present at the time of injection.

  • Fig. 3.
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    Fig. 3.

    The discolored wood associated with the four USFS injection wounds in this tree was throughout almost the entire cylinder of wood present at the time of injection.

  • Fig. 4.
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    Fig. 4.

    Obvious decay associated with a USFS injection wound.

  • Fig. 5.
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    Fig. 5.

    Discoloration associated with gravity-flow injections repeated for 3 consecutive years.

  • Fig. 6.
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    Fig. 6.

    Discoloration 8 feet above injection wounds made in 4 consecutive years by the deep drill-hole method with pressure.

  • Fig. 7.
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    Fig. 7.

    Discoloration associated with wounds from deep drill-hole pressure injections followed the next year by the USFS shallow-hole pressure injection.

  • Fig. 8.
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    Fig. 8.

    Dark discoloration associated with deep drill-hole injections made for 2 consecutive years.

  • Fig. 9.
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    Fig. 9.

    The discolored wood associated with injection wounds made on the flat side of the tree coalesced, while those made on the ridges of large roots did not.

  • Fig. 10.
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    Fig. 10.

    Very slight injury was associated with shallow injection wounds Inflicted in 1 year, especially when the sapwood was wide.

  • Fig. 11.
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    Fig. 11.

    The discolored areas associated with the drill wounds in this tree spread into a wedge shape when they touched the large central core.

  • Fig. 12.
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    Fig. 12.

    The injection wounds that touched the internal decay spread rapidly to form large columns. The wounds that were surrounded by clear sapwood were well compartmentalized.

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Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF)
Vol. 3, Issue 12
December 1977
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Discolored and Decayed Wood Associated with Injection Wounds in American Elm
Alex L. Shigo, Richard Campana
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) Dec 1977, 3 (12) 230-235; DOI: 10.48044/jauf.1977.060

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Discolored and Decayed Wood Associated with Injection Wounds in American Elm
Alex L. Shigo, Richard Campana
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) Dec 1977, 3 (12) 230-235; DOI: 10.48044/jauf.1977.060
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