Fall Fertilization and Cold Hardiness in Landscape Trees

LITERATURE CITED

1. ↵
   American National Standards Institute (ANSI). 1998. A300 Standard for Tree Care Operations—Tree, Shrub, and Other Woody Plant Maintenance— Standard Practices (Fertilization, Part 2). American National Standards Institute, New York, NY.
2. ↵
   1. DeHayes, D.H.,
   2. M.A. Ingle, and
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   . 1989. Nitrogen fertilization enhances cold tolerance of red spruce seedlings. Can. J. For. Res. 19:1037–1043.

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   1. Edgerton, L.J

   . 1957. Effects of nitrogen fertilization on cold hardiness of apple trees. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 70:40–45.

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   1. Harris, R.W.,
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   . No date. Fertilizing Shade and Ornamental Trees. Michigan State University Extension Publication E786.
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   . 1996. Ensure hardiness and spring crop now. Fruit Grower. Aug.:16.
7. ↵
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   . 1992. Fertilizing Trees and Shrubs. Kansas State and Extension Forestry Extension Publication L707R.
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   1. Pellett, N.E

   . 1973. Influence of nitrogen and phosphorus fertility on cold acclimation of roots and stems of two container-grown woody plant species. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 98:82–86.

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    1. Pellett, N.E., and
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    . 1969. Effects of soil nitrogen and soil moisture levels on cold acclimation of container grown Juniperus chinensis “Hetzi”. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 94:457–459.

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11. ↵
    1. Powell, M.A

    . 1990. Fertilizing deciduous shade trees in the landscape. N.C. Horticulture Information Leaflet 618.
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    1. Proebstring, E.L

    . 1961. Cold hardiness of Elberta peach fruit buds as influenced by nitrogen level and cover crop. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 77:97–106.

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    1. Raese, T.J

    . 1997. Cold tolerance, yield and fruit quality of d’Anjou pears influenced by nitrogen fertilizer rates and time of application. J. Plant Nutr. 20:1007–1025.

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14. ↵
    1. Rawlings, C.O., and
    2. G.F. Potter

    . 1937. Unusual and severe winter injury to the trunks of McIntosh apple trees in New Hampshire. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 34:44–48.

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15. ↵
    1. Relf, D

    . 1996. Avoiding winter injury. Virginia Extension Publication 426–500.
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    1. Shirazi, A.M., and
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17. ↵
    1. Shirazi, A.M., and
    2. L.H. Fuchigami

    . 1995. Effect of near-lethal heat stress on bud dormancy and stem cold hardiness in red-osier dogwood. Tree Physiol. 15:275–279.

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18. ↵
    1. Tingley, M.A.,
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    3. T.G. Phillips, and
    4. G.F. Potter

    . 1939. Experimental production of winter injury to the trunks of apple trees by applying nitrogenous fertilizers in the autumn. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 36:177–180.

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19. ↵
    1. Tisdale, S.L., and
    2. W.L. Nelson

    . 1975. Soil Fertility and Fertilizers (3rd ed.). Macmillan, New York, NY. 694 pp.
20. ↵
    1. Way, R.D

    . 1954. The effects of some cultural practices and of size of crop on the subsequent winter hardiness of apple trees. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 63:163–166.

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    1. Wood, G

    . 1997.Tree and Shrub Fertilization. Gardenline Extension Publication, University of Saskatchewan (www.ag.usask.ca/cofa/departments/hort/hortinfo/trees/tree2.html).