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Research ArticleArticles

Branch-To-Stem Diameter Ratio Affects Strength of Attachment

Edward F. Gilman
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) September 2003, 29 (5) 291-294; DOI: https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2003.033
Edward F. Gilman
Professor, Environmental Horticulture Department, 1543 Fifield Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.
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LITERATURE CITED

  1. ↵
    1. Edberg, J.,
    2. A.M., Berry and
    3. L.R. Costello
    . 1994. Patterns of tree failure in Monterey pine. J. Arboric. 20:297–304.
    OpenUrl
  2. ↵
    1. Eisner, J.N.,
    2. E.F. Gilman, and
    3. J.C. Grabosky
    . 2002. Branch morphology impacts compartmentalization of pruning wounds. J. Arboric. 28:99–105.
    OpenUrl
  3. ↵
    1. Lilly, S., and
    2. T.D. Sydnor
    . 1995. Comparison of branch failure during static loading of silver and Norway maple. J. Arboric. 21:302–305.
    OpenUrl
  4. ↵
    1. MacDaniels, L.H.
    1923. The apple-tree crotch. Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 419:1–22.
    OpenUrl
  5. ↵
    1. MacDaniels, L.H.
    1932. Factors affecting the breaking strength of apple tree crotches. Abstract, Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 29:44.
    OpenUrl
  6. ↵
    1. McMahon, T.A.
    1975. The mechanical design of trees. Sci. Am. July:92–102.
  7. ↵
    1. Miller, V.J.
    1958. Crotch influence on strength and breaking point of apple tree branches. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 73:27–32
    OpenUrl
  8. ↵
    1. Ruth, W.A., and
    2. V.W. Kelley
    . 1932. A study of the framework of the apple tree and its relation to longevity. Ill. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 376.
  9. ↵
    1. Shigo, A.L.
    1985. How tree branches are attacked to trunks. Can J. Bot. 63:1391–1401.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  10. ↵
    1. Verner, L
    . 1955. Hormone relations in the growth and training of apple trees. Idaho Agric. Exp. Sta. Res. Bull. 28.
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Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF): 29 (5)
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF)
Vol. 29, Issue 5
September 2003
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Branch-To-Stem Diameter Ratio Affects Strength of Attachment
Edward F. Gilman
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) Sep 2003, 29 (5) 291-294; DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2003.033

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Branch-To-Stem Diameter Ratio Affects Strength of Attachment
Edward F. Gilman
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) Sep 2003, 29 (5) 291-294; DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2003.033
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