Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
A basal low-volume unit on the State Game Lands 33 Research and Demonstration Area. The border zone is shown on the right, and the wire zone is to the center and left. The border zone in this unit is primarily witchhazel, and the wire zone is fern and forbs; a small patch of blackberry is found in the wire zone to the left (photo taken by Richard Yahner in July 2000).
Tables
- Table 1.
Number of birds per species/100 ha/day, number of individuals of all species combined/100 ha/day, and number of species on the State Game Lands 33 Research and Demonstration ROW and in the adjacent forest during four time periods (June 2000, August 2000, June 2001, and August 2001) and for all periods combined. Only those species present on the ROW during at least three periods are included in this table (a complete list is available from Richard Yahner). Surveys were conducted for 6 days; the total area of the ROW and forest surveyed was 6.87 ha (17 ac). Species are listed in phylogenetic order. Common species (≥50 individuals/100 ha/day) are given in bold.
Bird species June 2000 August 2000 June 2001 August 2001 All periods Rz Fy R F R F R F R F Ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) 2 *x 5 * 2 * * * 2 *) Black-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus erythropthalmus) 5 * * * 2 * 2 * 2 * Downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens) 2 * 2 2 2 * 12 * 5 <1 Northern flicker (Colaptes auratus) 2 * 5 * 2 * * * 2 * Least flycatcher (Empidonax minimus) * * 2 * 2 2 17 * 6 <1 Common raven (Corvus corax) * * 5 * 7 * 10 * 6 * Blue jay (Cyanositta cristata) * * 30 2 * * 19 * 12 <1 Black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) 10 2 * 2 19 2 93 10 13 4 Blue-gray gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea) 15 * 40 * 2 * 2 * 10 * Gray catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) 20 * 22 * 22 * 56 * 30 * Cedar waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum) 25 * 52 * * * 10 * 22 * Red-eyed vireo (Vireo olivaceus) 32 77 7 42 51 98 85 50 45 67 Chestnut-sided warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica) 69 * 2 * 93 * 95 * 65 * Black-and-white warbler (Mniotilta varia) 5 * 10 * 19 * 34 * 17 * American redstart (Setaphaga ruticilla) 87 42 17 * 103 54 107 7 77 26 Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus) 5 30 10 20 * 34 10 5 7 22 Common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) 67 * 200 * 100 * 347 * 179 * Scarlet tanager (Piranga olivacea) * 10 2 * 7 19 2 * 3 7 Eastern towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) 94 2 69 * 105 * 134 * 101 <1 Chipping sparrow (Spizella passerina) 10 * * * 15 2 2 * 3 <1 Field sparrow (Spizella pusilla) 77 * 215 * 129 * 171 * 148 * Song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) 22 * 27 * 25 * 24 * 26 * Rose-breasted grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus) 25 * 12 * 5 * 17 * 17 * Indigo bunting (Passerina cyanea) 77 * 32 * 95 * 105 * 77 * American goldfinch (Carduelis tristis) * * 5 * 7 * 10 * 6 * Total/100 ha/day 237 73 280 26 872 245 1,507 82 725 105 Total number of species 25 8 26 7 26 13 32 7 43 20 - Table 2.
Average number of family groups observed per day per bird species on the ROW at the State Game Lands 33 Research and Demonstration Project in August 2000 and 2001.
Species 2000 2001 Both years Common raven *z 0.17 0.08 Blue jay 0.50 0.33 0.42 Black-capped chickadee 0.67 1.33 1.00 White-breasted nuthatch (Sitta carolinenis) * 0.17 0.08 Gray catbird 0.50 0.83 0.67 Cedar waxwing 0.17 0.17 0.17 Red-eyed vireo * 1.50 0.75 Chestnut-sided warbler * 1.33 0.67 Black-throated green warbler (Dendroica virens) * 1.33 0.67 Black-and-white warbler 0.17 0.67 0.83 American redstart 0.17 1.17 0.67 Ovenbird * 0.17 0.08 Common yellowthroat 2.50 5.83 4.12 Eastern towhee 0.33 1.67 1.00 Field sparrow 2.83 2.33 2.58 Song sparrow 0.50 * 0.25 Rose-breasted grosbeak * 0.17 0.08 Indigo bunting 0.17 1.00 0.58 ↵z An asterisk (*) indicates that a family group(s) was not noted in this year.
- Table 3.
Number of birds per individual species/100 ha/day, number of individuals/100 ha/day, and number of species on the State Game Lands ROW in each of six treatment units: handcutting [HC-1, 1.19 ha (2.9 ac)], basal low volume [BLV-3, 1.12 ha (2.8 ac)], mowing plus herbicide [MH-2, 0.81 ha (2 ac)], stem-foliage spray [SF-2, 1.34 ha (3.3 ac)], foliage spray [F-2, 1.14 ha (2.8 ac)], and mowing [M-3, 1.23 ha (3 ac)] during four time periods (June 2000, August 2000, June 2001, and August 2001) combined. Only those species present in at least two units are included in this table (a complete list is available from Richard Yahner). Common species (≥50 individuals/100 ha/day) are given in bold.
Bird species Treatment unit HC BLV MH SF F M Ruffed grouse *z * * 3 11 * Black-billed cuckoo * 4 * 6 * 3 Downy woodpecker 4 4 * 9 7 3 Northern flicker * 4 * * 11 * Eastern wood-pewee (Contopus virens) * * * * 4 3 Least flycatcher 4 19 5 * 7 3 Common raven * * 5 22 4 * Blue jay 39 26 * * 4 3 Black-capped chickadee 14 26 82 25 51 51 Tufted titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor) * * 15 * 4 * White-breasted nuthatch * * * 6 18 7 Blue-gray gnatcatcher * 4 * 16 7 * Veery (Catharus fuscescens) * * * * 22 3 Wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) * * 15 3 * * American robin (Turdus migratorius) 4 22 * * 4 3 Gray catbird 21 142 5 * 7 7 Cedar waxwing 32 15 * * 18 58 Red-eyed vireo 46 52 15 9 99 41 Chestnut-sided warbler 35 119 46 25 77 88 Black-throated blue warbler (Dendroica caerulescens) 4 8 * * 7 3 Black-throated Green warbler 28 30 21 * * 27 Black-and-white warbler 7 19 61 12 7 10 American redstart 63 78 56 31 117 115 Ovenbird 14 * 5 * 7 7 Common yellowthroat 95 190 241 187 201 176 Scarlet tanager 4 * * * 11 3 Eastern towhee 91 112 77 40 128 149 Chipping sparrow * 26 15 3 * * Field sparrow * 183 41 208 198 217 Song sparrow * 60 5 22 51 14 Rose-breasted grosbeak * 19 31 9 26 20 Indigo bunting 43 164 82 53 84 64 Brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) * 4 * 6 * * American goldfinch * 15 5 12 * 3 Total/100 ha/day 552 1,361 838 713 1,170 1,078 Total number of species 19 29 22 23 28 26 ↵z An asterisk (*) indicates that the species was not recorded on that treatment unit.
- Table 4.
Number of individual birds per species/100 ha/day, number of total individual birds of all species combined/100 ha/day, and number of species on the ROW of the State Game Lands 33 Research and Demonstration Project in wire zones [3.23 ha (8 ac)] versus border zones [3.59 ha (8.9 ac)] in each of six treatment units combined. Only species in which at least five individual birds/100 ha/day were observed in either wire or border zones are included in the table (a complete list is available from Richard Yahner). Common species (≥50 individuals/100 ha/day) are given in bold.
Bird species Zone Wire Border Ruffed grouse * 5 Black-billed cuckoo *z 5 Downy woodpecker * 9 Northern flicker * 5 Eastern wood-pewee * 5 Least flycatcher 6 26 Common raven 29 * Blue jay * 57 Black-capped chickadee * 77 Tufted titmouse * 5 White-breasted nuthatch * 9 Blue-gray hnatcatcher * 9 Veery * 9 American robin 1 9 Gray catbird 19 43 Cedar waxwing * 37 Red-eyed vireo 1 85 Chestnut-sided warbler 8 115 Black-throated blue warbler * 5 Black-throated green warbler * 35 Black-and-white warbler * 35 American redstart 2 150 Ovenbird * 10 Common yellowthroat 121 227 Scarlet tanager * 6 Eastern towhee 30 160 Chipping sparrow * 13 Field sparrow 133 163 Song sparrow 14 36 Rose-breasted grosbeak * 28 Indigo bunting 21 128 American boldfinch 1 9 Total/100 ha/day 393 1,530 Total number of species 17 39 ↵z An asterisk (*) indicates that the species was not present.
- Table 5.
Number of birds per individual species and number of species observed perching on wires and towers on the ROW of the State Game Lands 33 Research and Demonstration Project in 2000 and 2001 combined.
Bird species Wire Tower Cooper’s hawk (Accipiter cooperii) 0 1 Mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) 1 0 American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) 0 1 Common raven 0 10 American robin 1 0 Indigo bunting 0 2 Brown-headed cowbird 1 1 Number of observations 3 15 Number of species 3 5
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