Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1.
Mean development time, percent pupation, and percent adult emergence of P. luteola in the no-choice larval suitability bioassay.
Species/hybrid Nz Development time (larva to adult) (d)y Percent pupationy Percent adult emergencey U. castaneifolia 30 —x 3 ± 0.03 a 0 ± 0.00 a U. changii 30 26 ± 1.00 ab 7 ± 0.05 a 7 ± 0.05 a U. chenmoui 30 25 ± 0.75 ab 40 ± 0.09 b 40 ± 0.09 b U. davidiana 30 —x 3 ± 0.03 a 0 ± 0.00 a U. davidiana × U.japonica 30 21 ± 0.83 ab 23 ± 0.08 a 23 ± 0.08 a U. davidiana × U. japonica-wilsoniana-pumila 30 13 ± 0.30 a 57 ± 0.09 b 53 ± 0.08 b U. davidiana × U. propinqua 30 —w 0 ± 0.00 a 0 ± 0.00 a U. davidiana × U. ‘Morton’-Accolade™ 30 25 ± 1.00 ab 3 ± 0.03 a 3 ± 0.03 a U. elongata 30 —w 0 ± 0.00 a 0 ± 0.00 a U. gaussenii 30 25 ± 1.7 ab 13 ± 0.06 a 13 i 0.06 a U. glaucescens 30 19 ± 0.46 a 50 ± 0.09 b 47 ± 0.09 b U.japonica 30 21 ± 0.53 ab 30 ± 0.09 ab 30 ± 0.09 ab U. íamellosa 30 19 ± 0.53 a 40 ± 0.09 b 37 ± 0.09 b U. macrocarpa 30 18 ± 0.37 a 57 ± 0.09 b 50 ± 0.07 U. parvifolia 30 —w 0 ± 0.00 a 0 ± 0.00 a U. propinqua 30 20 ± 1.0 ab 7 ± 0.05 a 7 ± 0.05 a U. pumila (reference) 30 18 ± 0.42 a 53 ± 0.09 b 53 ± 0.09 b U. szechuanica 30 —w 0 ± 0.00 a 0 ± 0.00 a U. szechuanica × U.japonica 30 18 ± 0.21 a 50 ± 0.09 b 47 ± 0.09 b U. wilsoniana 30 20 ± 0.40 ab 33 ± 0.09 ab 30 ± 0.09 ab U. ‘Morton’-Accolade”‘ 30 27 ± 1.67 b 20 ± 0.09 a 20 ± 0.09 a U. ‘Morton’-Accolade™ × U.japonica 30 22 ± 1.00 ab 7 ± 0.05 a 7 ± 0.05 a U. ‘Morton’-Accolade™ × U. pumila 30 18 ± 0.33a 40 ± 0.10 b 40 ± 0.10 b U. ‘Morton Glossy’-Triumph™ 30 21 ± 1.2 ab 23 ± 0.08 a 23 ± 0.08 a U. ‘Morton Plainsman’-Vanguard™ 30 19 ± 0.33 a 53 ± 0.09 b 53 ± 0.09 b U. ‘Morton Plainsman’-Vanguard™ × U. davidiana 30 21 ± 0.84 ab 23 ± 0.08 a 23 ± 0.08 a U. ‘Morton Plainsman’-Vanguard™ × U.japonica-ivilsoniana-pumila 30 21 ± 0.70 ab 30 ± 0.09 ab 30 ± 0.09 ab U. ‘Morton Red Tip’-Danada Charm™ 30 19 ± 0.54 a 53 ± 0.09 b 53 ± 0.09 b ↵z Represents ten individual larvae for each of three individual trees for each elm biotype.
↵y Values within columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P = 0.05; Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) multiple comparison test).
↵x Larvae reached pupation, but no adults emerged.
↵w No larvae reached pupation.
- Table 2.
Mean number of eggs laid per female, percent females ovipositing, preovipositional period, male longevity, and female longevity of adult P. luteola reared in the larval suitability experiment.
Species/hybrid Nz Eggs laid/femaley Percent females ovipositingy Preovipositional period (d)y Male longevity(d)y Female longevity (d)y U. changii 1 200 ± 30.1 c 100 ± 15.0 c 9± 1.0 b 1 ± 0.1 a 21 ± 0.6 c U. chenmoui 4 11 ± 6.2 a 100 ± 15.0 c 20 ± 2.5 c 20 ± 0.6 c 21 ± 0.6 c U. davidiana × U. japonica 3 20 ± 11.8 a 66 ± 33.0 ab 7 ± 4.5 a 9 ± 4.8 b 2 ± 0.5 a U. davidiana × U. japonica-wilsoniana-pumila 3 168 ± 18.6 c 100 ± 20.0 ab 11 ± 3.0 b 17 ± 4.0 c 20 ± 4.1 c U. davidiana × U. japonica U. ‘Morton’-Accolade™ 3 129 ± 44.6 b 100 ± 15.0 c 11 ± 1.5 b 17 ± 2.3 c 20 ± 1.0 c ü. gaussenii 1 39 ± 9.5 ab 100 ± 18.0 c 16 ± 2.0 c 21 ± 1.2 c 20 ± 0.0 c U. glaucescens 4 8 ± 3.6 a 38 ± 19.0 ab 14 ± 4.5 c 15 ± 2.2 c 15 ± 2.3 b U. japonica 3 O± 0.0 a 0 ± 0.0 a — 10 ± 3.3 b 5 ± 1.2 a U. lamellosa 4 61 ± 23.0 ab 33 ± 18.0 ab 10 ± 1.0 b 12 ± 4.3 b 16 ± 3.5 b U macrocarpa 5 77 ± 19.1 ab 80 ± 20.0 b 11 ± 1.0 b 15 ± 2.2 c 18 ± 1.2 c U. propinqua 1 23 ± 11.9 a 100 ± 20.0 c 19 ± 2.0 c 21 ± 0.9 c 21 ± 1.0 c U. pumila (reference) 4 135 ± 28.9 c 67 ± 33.0 ab 8 ± 1.0 a 10 ± 5.9 b 19 ± 0.9 c U. szechuanica × U. japonica 6 98 ± 41.1 b 67 ± 33.0 ab 5 ± 1.7 a 15 ± 2.5 c 15 ± 2.6 b U. wilsoniana 3 85 ± 31.1 ab 100 ± 17.0 c 8 ± 0.6 a 20 ± 0.6 c 21 ± 0.0 c U. ‘Morton’-Accolade™ 1 207 ± 25.0 d 100 ± 15.0 c 8 ± 0.6 a 21 ± 0.6 c 11 ± 5.2 b U. ‘Morton’-Accolade™× U. pumila 4 155 ± 31.2 c 100 ± 25.0 c 7 ± 2.0 a 6 ± 2.1 a 20 ± 1.0 c U.’Morton Glossy’-Triumph™ 2 0 ± 0.0 a 0 ± 0.0 a — 19 ± 2.5 c 15 ± 1.6 b U. ‘Morton Plainsman’-Vanguard™ 6 188 ± 19.7 c 100 ± 20.0 c 7 ± 2.3 a 19 ± 0.9 c 18 ± 1.7 c U. ‘Morton Plainsman’-Vanguard™ × U. pumila U. davidiana 3 102 ± 68.0 b 67 ± 33.0 ab 7 ± 4.0a 7 ÷ 4.6 a 15 ± 4.3 b U.’Morton Plainsman’-Vanguard™ × U. pumila U. japonica-u>ilsoniana-pumila 5 84 ± 41.2 ab 40 ± 20.0 ab 7 ± 0.5 a 18 ± 3.0 c 20 ± 1.4 c U. ‘Morton Red Tip’-Danada Charm™ 8 178 ± 25.1 c 100 ± 15.0 c 7 ± 1.3 a 17 ± 1.0 c 21 ± 0.3 c