Biology and Management of the Horned Oak Gall Wasp on Pin Oak

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Figure 1.
Pin oak tree that is heavily infested with twig galls induced by Callirhytis cornigera in Lexington, Kentucky.
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Figure 2.
Aspects of the association of C. cornigera with pin oak. (A) Agamis (top) and sexual (bottom) female wasps. (B) View from below a heavily galled pin oak tree. (C) Young (10 months old) stem gall. (D) Stem gall (22 months old) just before horn eruption. (E) Large stem gall (27 months old) with horns projecting up from larval C. cornigera chambers. (F) Stem gall (27 months old) with only one C. cornigera inside. (G) Agamic female ovipositing into swelling bud. (H) Gall developing on a primary lateral vein on the abaxial side of an expanding, juvenile leaf. (I) Mature leaf gall with wasp emergence hole. Reprinted with permission from Eliason and Potter (2000c).
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Figure 3.
Life history of the horned oak gall wasp, C. cornigera, on pin oak as determined from research conducted in Lexington, Kentucky, 1996-1999. Illustration by Dennis Duress (Agricultural Communications Services, University of Kentucky).