Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Comparison of means of percent loss of crown volume of various species affected by Hurricane Georges by the least significant difference (t) method. Squares in black represent individual comparisons between species’ means that are significantly different at P = 0.01.
- Figure 2.
Comparison of means of defoliation of various species affected by Hurricane Georges by the least significant difference (t) method. Squares in black represent individual comparisons between species’ means that are significantly different at P = 0.01.
- Figure 3.
Comparison of means of percent failed stems (snapped plus tipped trees) of various species affected by Hurricane Georges by the least significant difference (t) method. Squares in black represent individual comparisons between species’ means that are significantly different at P = 0.01.
- Figure 4.
The results of estimation of computer graphic simulation of defoliation by 30 untrained participants. Whiskers on mean estimates represent 1 standard deviation.
Tables
- Table 1.
Comparison of storm damage by Hurricane Georges to 24 species of trees growing in and near the University of Puerto Rico Botanic Garden.
Species Mean Dbh (cm) Height (m) Def. CL S+T No. Swietenia mahagoni 28.5 10.7 70.7 22.7 0 50 Hymenaea courbaril 38.0 17.3 89.6 40.6 2 50 Calophyllum calaba 34.8 15.2 77.3 41.0 6 50 Pinus caribaea 37.2 17.7 51.8 41.8 6 50 Melaleuca quinquinervia 26.6 8.8 52.4 43.2 10 39 Delonix regia 36.3 10.9 70.2 43.8 2 49 Lagerstromia speciosa 48.5 11.5 77.0 44.0 2 50 Terminalia catappa 46.6 14.6 86.6 46.5 2 41 Tabebuia heterophylla 23.7 10.3 73.2 47.4 4 50 Cassia javanica 43.9 10.5 87.7 47.4 10 31 Casuarina equisetifolia 54.0 20.6 62.0 49.8 4 50 Pterocarpus macrocarpus 76.4 20.7 94.5 50.7 6 50 Bucida buceras 33.6 13.4 80.7 50.7 2 50 Enterolobium cyclocarpum 113.6 17.5 87.6 50.8 9 33 Mangifera indica 64.5 12.6 66.8 51.7 2 50 Clitoria fairchieldiana 26.0 4.7 62.0 51.9 38 32 Ficus benjamina 68.6 9.1 56.5 52.5 30 50 Schefflera morototoni 16.4 10.1 91.3 56.4 30 50 Albizia procera 34.2 18.8 97.3 59.7 22 50 Cecropia schreberiana 24.5 12.7 94.5 60.6 24 34 Sterculia apetala 33.1 12.9 94.9 63.7 21 34 Peltophorum pterocarpum 38.6 15.4 89.5 65.6 12 33 Senna siamea 30.3 16.2 94.9 66.5 10 50 Spathodea campanulata 41.6 16.9 98.1 81.1 34 50 Dbh = diameter at breast height; Height = estimated pre-storm tree height; Def. = estimated percent defoliation; CL = percent of crown volume (space occupied by the envelope of limbs and twigs) lost, based on a visualization of former crown volume; S+T = sum of snapped and thrown (tipped) trees; No. = number of trees sampled.
- Table 2.
Pearson’s correlation coefficients and attendant P-values for averages of damage indices for 24 species affected by hurricane winds and mean values for indices of wind resistance.
Measured trait DF CL S+T SG RF LR % defoliation (DF) — P-value — % crown loss (CL) 0.573 — P-value 0.003 — Stem failure (S+T) 0.168 0.546 — P-value 0.432 0.006 — Wood-specific gravity (SG) -0.256 -0.294 -0460 — P-value 0.227 0.164 0.024 — Resistance to flexing (RF) -0.312 -0134 -0.010 0.443 — P-value 0.138 0.534 0.961 0.030 — Leaf retention strength (LR) -0.660 -0.232 -0.227 0.544 0.500 — P-value 0.000 0.275 0.287 0.006 0.013 —
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