GIS Assessment Of Munich’s Urban Forest Structure for Urban Planning

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Figure 1.
Urban zoning for Munich and the test area.
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Figure 2.
Spatial pattern of the urban forest in Munich.
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Figure 3.
Percentage cover of woody vegetation in sites of specific ecological interest and land-cover types.
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Figure 4.
Maximum age of trees in sites of specific ecological interest and land-cover types.
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Figure 5.
Relationship between characteristics of woody vegetation and incidence of woodland bird indicator species.
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Figure 6.
Spatial pattern of surface temperatures and woody vegetation in the test area.

Table 1.

Relationship between building density in housing areas and cover of woody vegetation.

Cover of built-up land^{^z}	Number of cases^{^y}	Surface sealing^{^x} (%)	Total vegetation cover (%)	Woody vegetation (%)
0%–10%	31	20.4	75.5	28.7
l1%–20%	346	38.8	55.9	20.3
20%–3ũ%	265	53.7	44.6	14.0
30%–40%	120	64.8	33.8	10.9
40%–50%	44	78.1	21.2	7.5
50%–60%	35	90.6	9.4	3.7
60%–70%	3	94.0	6.0	2.2
70%–80%	3	99.0	1.0	1.0
Sum/mean	847	51.1	45.9	15.8

↵z The following land-cover types were included in the analysis: multi-story blocks and housing, single-family houses, old village cores.
↵y The analysis was performed in the study area of the 1991 survey of some 50 km³ (19 mi²).
↵x Built-up, asphalt, and paved surfaces. Sealed and vegetated surfaces do not total up to 100%. The remaining areas are covered by bare soils.

Table 2.

Relationship among building density, vegetation cover, and surface temperatures in the test area.

Single-family housing, row houses	Number of of cases^{^z}	Surface sealing (%)	Vegetation cover (%)	Cover of woody vegetation (%)	Surface temperatures
					Midday (°C)	Night (°C)
0%–10%	25	13.0	81.5	26.4	31.5	15.8
11%–20%	59	35.6	62.3	24.2	33.1	18.4
20%–30%	18	46.9	52.3	25.4	34.4	19.0
30%–40%	7	65.0	48.6	20.9	33.6	19.2
40%–50%	1	65.0	30.0	12.0	34.2	20.2
60%–70%	1	95.0	5.0	2.0	39.4	23.1
Mean	111	34.2	63.4	24.4	33.1	18.0

↵z The analysis was performed in the study area of the 1991 survey of some 50 km² (19 mi²).

Table 3.

Habitat development programs.

City zones	Woodland programs	Existing vegetation (ha)	New woody vegetation		Estimated establishment costs
			Ha	%
Densely built-up areas	Stands of woody vegetation, density 1 ha/10 ha, maximum distance 250 m	847	227	+27	DM45,400,000^z (US$24,516,000)^y
General housing	Stands of woody vegetation, coverage 20%	2,060	451	+22	DM90,100,000 (US$48,654,000)
Industrial areas and traffic infrastructure	Stands of woody vegetation, density 1 ha/10 ha, maximum distance 250 m	280	221	+79	DM44,200,000 (US$23,868,000)
Farmland and forests	Afforestation, density 10 ha/100 ha, maximum distance 2.5 km	2,330	536	+23	DM5,360,000 (US$2,894,400)
Total		5,517	1,435	+26	DM185,000,000 (US$99,900,000)

↵z DM200,000 (US$108,000) per ha woody vegetation in the built-up area; DM1,000 (US$540) per tree, 200 trees per ha; DM10,000 (US$5,400) per ha forest.
↵y Based on August 1999 exchange rate of DM1.00 approximately equivalent to US$0.54.