Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1. Results of analyses of variance in height, caliper, and diameter at breast height at Root’s Nursery and Nittany Trees Nursery.
Variable Source of Variation Varieties Shelters(v) Blocks b × v b × s(v) Root’s Nursery height year 1 * * ns ns ns height year 2 * * ns * ns height year 3 * * ns ns ns height year 4 * * * ns ns caliper year 2 * * ns * * caliper year 3 * * ns * ns caliper year 4 * * * ns ns dbh year 2 * * ns ns ns dbh year 3 * * ns ns ns dbh year 4 * * ns ns ns Nittany Trees height year 1 * * ns ns ns height year 2 * * ns ns ns height year 3 * * * ns ns caliper year 1 * * ns ns * caliper year 2 * * * * ns caliper year 3 * * * * ns dbh year 1 * * * ns ns dbh year 2 * * ns * ns dbh year 3 * * ns ns ns * = significant at 0.05% level.
ns = nonsignificant.
- Table 2. Heights of trees (feet) grown for the first 2 years at Root’s Nursery in 9-cm (3.5-in.) shelters and at Nittany Trees in 9- and 18-cm (3.5- and 7-in.) shelters, compared to trees grown all 4 years without shelters (percentage of control).
Species, cultivar Years: Feet Percent 0 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Root’s Nursery, 9 cm Acer griseum 3.2 3.8 5.2 5.1 5.7 99 131 116 108 Cercis canadensis 3.8 5.9 7.8 8.3 8.8 161 129 123 112 Cornus ‘Celestial’ 3.7 5.9 8.1 8.0 8.9 137 124 102 96 Malus ‘Adirondack’ 4.0 4.7 6.1 6.7 6.7 108 108 95 84 Magnolia ‘Merrill’ 3.6 4.9 7.1 7.8 8.1 136 162 162 144 Magnolia stellata 1.0 2.9 5.7 6.2 7.0 219 265 195 155 Syringa ‘Summer Snow’ 3.0 3.4 4.5 5.8 6.4 113 119 103 82 Nittany Trees, 9 cm Carpinus caroliniana 2.6 2.7 6.3 4.9* 101 160 100 Cornus ‘Celestial’ 3.2 3.2 5.5 5.2* 103 117 114 Cornus ‘Constellation’ 3.8 3.6 6.2 6.6* 101 108 102 Magnolia stellata 1.9 1.8 4.5 2.8* 104 161 88 Prunus serrulata ‘Kwanzan’ 3.1 3.1 9.1 9.0 101 130 107 Prunus subhirtella autumnalis 3.7 3.6 8.9 8.6 95 119 108 Nittany Trees, 18 cm Carpinus caroliniana 2.6 2.8 7.4 7.3* 105 189 149 Cornus ‘Celestial’ 3.2 3.2 6.4 6.8 102 137 130 Cornus ‘Constellation’ 3.8 4.0 7.2 7.7 111 124 119 Magnolia stellata 1.9 2.1 5.6 3.2* 119 198 102 Prunus serrulata ‘Kwanzan’ 3.1 3.1 8.9 10.3 101 126 115 Prunus subhirtella autumnalis 3.7 3.7 8.9 8.7 99 118 108 ↵* Some trees exhibited dieback.
Metric equivalents: 1 ft = 30.5 cm.
- Table 3. Calipers of trees (inches) grown the first 2 years at Root’s Nursery in 9-cm (3.5-in.) shelters and at Nittany Trees in 9- and 18-cm (3.5- and 7-in.) shelters, compared to trees grown all 4 years without shelters (percentage of control).
Species, cultivar Years: Inches Percent 0 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Root’s Nursery, 9 cm Acer griseum 0.4 0.6 0.9 60 66 81 Cercis canadensis 0.7 1.4 1.9 72 91 95 Cornus ‘Celestial’ 0.7 1.1 1.2 77 86 86 Malus ‘Adirondack’ 0.5 0.8 1.0 66 82 90 Magnolia ‘Merrill’ 0.7 1.0 1.3 97 88 118 Magnolia stełlata 0.5 1.0 1.4 100 106 114 Syringa’Summer Snow’ 0.6 0.9 1.2 61 65 65 Nittany Trees, 9 cm Carpinus caroliniana 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.5* 64 71 56 Cornus ‘Celestial’ 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6* 104 64 69 Cornus ‘Constellation’ 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.7* 92 58 63 Magnolia stełlata 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3* 100 73 54 Prunus serrulata ‘Kwanzan’ 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.3 104 67 81 Prunus subhirtella autumnalis 0.3 0.3 0.8 1.3 96 65 87 Nittany Trees, 18 cm Carpinus caroliniana 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.8* 83 98 88 Cornus ‘Celestial’ 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.8 112 80 83 Cornus ‘Constellation’ 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.9 102 76 80 Magnolia stełlata 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5* 94 105 85 Prunus serrulata ‘Kwanzan’ 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.5 103 79 96 Prunus subhirtella autumnalis 0.3 0.3 0.9 1.4 104 70 90 - Table 4. Sturdiness (caliper/height) of trees grown for the first 2 years at Root’s Nursery in 9-cm (3.5-in.) shelters and at Nittany Trees in 9- and 18-cm (3.5- and 7-in.) shelters, compared to trees grown all 4 years without shelters (percentage of control).
Species, cultivar Years: Sturdiness Percent 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Root’s Nursery, 9 cm Acer griseum 0.07 0.13 0.15 45 54 75 Cercis canadensis 0.09 0.17 0.21 55 74 85 Cornus ‘Celestial’ 0.09 0.13 0.14 62 84 90 Malus ‘Adirondack’ 0.08 0.12 0.15 61 87 107 Magnolia ‘Merrill’ 0.10 0.13 0.16 60 54 82 Magnolia stellata 0.09 0.16 0.20 38 54 74 Syringa ‘Summer Snow’ 0.13 0.16 0.19 51 64 79 Nittany Trees, 9 cm Carpinus caroliniana 0.05 0.07 0.10 69 44 57 Cornus ‘Celestial’ 0.12 0.09 0.11 102 54 64 Cornus ‘Constellation’ 0.11 0.09 0.11 92 54 62 Magnolia stellata 0.11 0.08 0.12 96 45 62 Prunus serrulata ‘Kwanzan’ 0.13 0.09 0.13 103 52 75 Prunus subhirtella autumnalis 0.07 0.09 0.15 101 54 81 Nittany Trees, 18 cm Carpinus caroliniana 0.06 0.08 0.11 80 52 59 Cornus ‘Celestial’ 0.13 0.10 0.11 110 58 64 Cornus ‘Constellation’ 0.11 0.10 0.11 93 61 67 Magnolia stellata 0.09 0.09 0.16 79 53 83 Prunus serrulata ‘Kwanzan’ 0.13 0.11 0.15 102 63 83 Prunus subhirtella autumnalis 0.07 0.17 0.19 104 59 84 Metric equivalents: 1 ft = 30.5 cm.