An Evaluation of the Residual Activity of Traditional, Safe, and Biological Insecticides Against the Gypsy Moth

Ralph E. Webb; Randy Peiffer; Roger W. Fuester; Kevin W. Thorpe; Louis Calabrese; Joseph M. McLaughlin

doi:10.48044/jauf.1998.035

Literature Cited

↵
1. Bartlett, B.R.
1963. The contact toxicity of some pesticide residues to hymenopterous parasites and coccinellid predators. J. Econ. Entomol. 56: 694–698.
OpenUrl CrossRef
↵
1. Brown, J.J.
1996. The compatibility of tebufenozide with a laboratory Lepidopteran host/Hymenopteran parasitoidpopulation. Biol. Control 6: 96–104.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Cook, S.P.,
2. R.E. Webb, and
3. K.W. Thorpe
. 1996. Potential enhancement of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nuclear polyhedrosis virus with the triterpene azadirachtin. Environ. Entomol. 25: 1209–1214.
OpenUrl CrossRef
↵
1. Dougherty, E.M.,
2. K.P. Guthrie, and
3. M. Shapiro
. 1996. Optical brighteners provide baculovirus activity enhancement and UV radiation protection. Biol. Control 7: 71–74.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Nielsen, D.G.
1990. Evaluation of biorationalpesticides for use in arboriculture. J. Arboric. 16:82–88.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Podgwaite, J.D.,
2. R.C. Reardon,
3. D. Kolodny-Hirsch, and
4. G.S. Walton
. 1991. Efficacy of ground application of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nucleopolyhedrosis virus product, Gypchek. J. Econ. Entomol. 84:440–444.
OpenUrl CrossRef
↵
1. Raupp, M.J.,
2. C.S. Koehler, and
3. J.A. Davidson
. 1992. Advances in implementing pest management for woody landscape plants. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 37:561–585.
OpenUrl CrossRef Web of Science
↵
SAS Institute Inc. 1996. SAS/STAT Software: Changes and Enhancements through Release 6.11. Cary, NC.
↵
1. Shapiro, M.,
2. J.L. Robertson, and
3. R.E. Webb
. 1994. Effect of neem extract upon the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) and its nuclear polyhedrosis virus. J. Econ. Entomol. 87: 356–360.
OpenUrl CrossRef
1. Skatulla, U., and
2. J. Meisner
. 1975. Effects of neem-extracts on caterpillars of the gypsy moth.Lymantria dispar L. Anz. Schadlingsk. Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz 48:38–40.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Thorpe, K.W.
1996. Effects of ground-based applications of soap. Bacillus thuringiensis, cyfluthrin, and trunk barriers on gypsy moth density and defoliation. J. Arboric. 22:87–91.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Thorpe, K.W.,
2. K.M. Tatman,
3. P. Sellers,
4. R.E. Webb, and
5. R.L. Ridgway
. 1995. Management of gypsy moths using sticky barriers and larval removal. J. Arboric. 21:69–76.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Webb, R.E.,
2. M. Shapiro,
3. J.D. Podgwaite,
4. R.C. Reardon,
5. K.M. Tatman,
6. L. Venables, and
7. D.M. Kolodny-Hirsch
. 1989. Effect of aerial spraying with Dimilin, Dipel, or Gypchek on two natural enemies of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 82:1695–1701.
OpenUrl CrossRef
↵
1. Webb, R.E.,
2. J.D. Podgwaite,
3. M. Shapiro,
4. K.M. Tatman, and
5. L.W. Douglass
. 1990. Hydraulic spray application of Gypchek as a homeowner control tactic against gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). J. Entomol. Sci. 25:383–393.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Webb, R.E.,
2. R.L. Ridgway,
3. K.W. Thorpe,
4. K.M. Tatman,
5. A.M. Wieber, and
6. L. Venables
. 1991. Development of a specialized gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) management program for suburban parks. J. Econ. Entomol. 84:1320–1328.
OpenUrl CrossRef
↵
1. Webb, R.E.,
2. M. Shapiro,
3. J.D. Podgwaite,
4. D.E. Lynn,
5. E.M. Dougherty,
6. R.L. Ridgway,
7. L. Venables, and
8. D.L. Cohen
. 1993. Field comparison of different strains of gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus against gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in Western Maryland in 1990. J. Econ. Entomol. 86:1185–1190.
OpenUrl CrossRef
↵
1. Webb, R.E.,
2. N.H. Dill,
3. J.D. Podgwaite,
4. M. Shapiro,
5. R.L. Ridgway,
6. J.L. Vaughn,
7. L. Venables, and
8. R.J. Argauer
. 1994a. Control of third and fourth instar gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) with Gypchek combined with a stilbene disulfonic acid additive on individual shade trees. J. Entomol. Sci. 29:82–91.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Webb, R.E.,
2. W.H. McLane,
3. J.A. Finney,
4. L. Venables,
5. G.B. White,
6. A.M. Wieber, and
7. D.L. Cohen
. 1994b. Destruction of gypsy moth egg masses (using surfactants, detergents, oils, or conventional insecticides) for quarantine and community action programs. J. Entomol. Sci. 29:305–317.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Webb, R.E.,
2. M. Shapiro,
3. J.D. Podgwaite,
4. R.L. Ridgway,
5. L. Venables,
6. G.B. White,
7. R.J. Argauer,
8. D.L. Cohen,
9. J. Witcosky,
10. K.M. Kester, and
11. K.W. Thorpe
. 1994c. Effect of optical brighteners on the efficacy of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nuclear polyhedrosis virus in forest plots with high or low levels of natural virus. J. Econ. Entomol. 87: 134–143.
OpenUrl CrossRef
↵
1. Webb, R.E.,
2. N.H. Dill,
3. J.M. McLaughlin,
4. L.S. Kershaw,
5. J.D. Podgwaite,
6. S.P. Cook,
7. K.W. Thorpe,
8. R.R. Farrar, Jr.,
9. R.L. Ridgway,
10. R.W. Fuester,
11. M. Shapiro,
12. R.J. Argauer,
13. L. Venables, and
14. G.B. White
. 1996. Blankophor BBH as an enhancer of nuclear polyhedrosis virus in arborist treatments against the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 89:957–962.
OpenUrl CrossRef
↵
1. Wilkinson, J.D.,
2. K.D. Biever,
3. C.M. Ignoffo,
4. W.J. Pons,
5. R.K. Morrison, and
6. R.S. Seay
. 1978. Evaluation of diflubenzuron formulations on selected insect parasitoids and predators. J. Ga. Entomol. Soc. 13:227–236.
OpenUrl

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[1] ↵
Bartlett, B.R.
1963. The contact toxicity of some pesticide residues to hymenopterous parasites and coccinellid predators. J. Econ. Entomol. 56: 694–698.
OpenUrl CrossRef

[2] Bartlett, B.R.

[3] ↵
Brown, J.J.
1996. The compatibility of tebufenozide with a laboratory Lepidopteran host/Hymenopteran parasitoidpopulation. Biol. Control 6: 96–104.
OpenUrl

[4] Brown, J.J.

[5] ↵
Cook, S.P.,
R.E. Webb, and
K.W. Thorpe
. 1996. Potential enhancement of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nuclear polyhedrosis virus with the triterpene azadirachtin. Environ. Entomol. 25: 1209–1214.
OpenUrl CrossRef

[6] Cook, S.P.,

[7] R.E. Webb, and

[8] K.W. Thorpe

[9] ↵
Dougherty, E.M.,
K.P. Guthrie, and
M. Shapiro
. 1996. Optical brighteners provide baculovirus activity enhancement and UV radiation protection. Biol. Control 7: 71–74.
OpenUrl

[10] Dougherty, E.M.,

[11] K.P. Guthrie, and

[12] M. Shapiro

[13] ↵
Nielsen, D.G.
1990. Evaluation of biorationalpesticides for use in arboriculture. J. Arboric. 16:82–88.
OpenUrl

[14] Nielsen, D.G.

[15] ↵
Podgwaite, J.D.,
R.C. Reardon,
D. Kolodny-Hirsch, and
G.S. Walton
. 1991. Efficacy of ground application of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nucleopolyhedrosis virus product, Gypchek. J. Econ. Entomol. 84:440–444.
OpenUrl CrossRef

[16] Podgwaite, J.D.,

[17] R.C. Reardon,

[18] D. Kolodny-Hirsch, and

[19] G.S. Walton

[20] ↵
Raupp, M.J.,
C.S. Koehler, and
J.A. Davidson
. 1992. Advances in implementing pest management for woody landscape plants. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 37:561–585.
OpenUrl CrossRef Web of Science

[21] Raupp, M.J.,

[22] C.S. Koehler, and

[23] J.A. Davidson

[24] ↵
SAS Institute Inc. 1996. SAS/STAT Software: Changes and Enhancements through Release 6.11. Cary, NC.

[25] ↵
Shapiro, M.,
J.L. Robertson, and
R.E. Webb
. 1994. Effect of neem extract upon the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) and its nuclear polyhedrosis virus. J. Econ. Entomol. 87: 356–360.
OpenUrl CrossRef

[26] Shapiro, M.,

[27] J.L. Robertson, and

[28] R.E. Webb

[29] Skatulla, U., and
J. Meisner
. 1975. Effects of neem-extracts on caterpillars of the gypsy moth.Lymantria dispar L. Anz. Schadlingsk. Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz 48:38–40.
OpenUrl

[30] Skatulla, U., and

[31] J. Meisner

[32] ↵
Thorpe, K.W.
1996. Effects of ground-based applications of soap. Bacillus thuringiensis, cyfluthrin, and trunk barriers on gypsy moth density and defoliation. J. Arboric. 22:87–91.
OpenUrl

[33] Thorpe, K.W.

[34] ↵
Thorpe, K.W.,
K.M. Tatman,
P. Sellers,
R.E. Webb, and
R.L. Ridgway
. 1995. Management of gypsy moths using sticky barriers and larval removal. J. Arboric. 21:69–76.
OpenUrl

[35] Thorpe, K.W.,

[36] K.M. Tatman,

[37] P. Sellers,

[38] R.E. Webb, and

[39] R.L. Ridgway

[40] ↵
Webb, R.E.,
M. Shapiro,
J.D. Podgwaite,
R.C. Reardon,
K.M. Tatman,
L. Venables, and
D.M. Kolodny-Hirsch
. 1989. Effect of aerial spraying with Dimilin, Dipel, or Gypchek on two natural enemies of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 82:1695–1701.
OpenUrl CrossRef

[41] Webb, R.E.,

[42] M. Shapiro,

[43] J.D. Podgwaite,

[44] R.C. Reardon,

[45] K.M. Tatman,

[46] L. Venables, and

[47] D.M. Kolodny-Hirsch

[48] ↵
Webb, R.E.,
J.D. Podgwaite,
M. Shapiro,
K.M. Tatman, and
L.W. Douglass
. 1990. Hydraulic spray application of Gypchek as a homeowner control tactic against gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). J. Entomol. Sci. 25:383–393.
OpenUrl

[49] Webb, R.E.,

[50] J.D. Podgwaite,

[51] M. Shapiro,

[52] K.M. Tatman, and

[53] L.W. Douglass

[54] ↵
Webb, R.E.,
R.L. Ridgway,
K.W. Thorpe,
K.M. Tatman,
A.M. Wieber, and
L. Venables
. 1991. Development of a specialized gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) management program for suburban parks. J. Econ. Entomol. 84:1320–1328.
OpenUrl CrossRef

[55] Webb, R.E.,

[56] R.L. Ridgway,

[57] K.W. Thorpe,

[58] K.M. Tatman,

[59] A.M. Wieber, and

[60] L. Venables

[61] ↵
Webb, R.E.,
M. Shapiro,
J.D. Podgwaite,
D.E. Lynn,
E.M. Dougherty,
R.L. Ridgway,
L. Venables, and
D.L. Cohen
. 1993. Field comparison of different strains of gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus against gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in Western Maryland in 1990. J. Econ. Entomol. 86:1185–1190.
OpenUrl CrossRef

[62] Webb, R.E.,

[63] M. Shapiro,

[64] J.D. Podgwaite,

[65] D.E. Lynn,

[66] E.M. Dougherty,

[67] R.L. Ridgway,

[68] L. Venables, and

[69] D.L. Cohen

[70] ↵
Webb, R.E.,
N.H. Dill,
J.D. Podgwaite,
M. Shapiro,
R.L. Ridgway,
J.L. Vaughn,
L. Venables, and
R.J. Argauer
. 1994a. Control of third and fourth instar gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) with Gypchek combined with a stilbene disulfonic acid additive on individual shade trees. J. Entomol. Sci. 29:82–91.
OpenUrl

[71] Webb, R.E.,

[72] N.H. Dill,

[73] J.D. Podgwaite,

[74] M. Shapiro,

[75] R.L. Ridgway,

[76] J.L. Vaughn,

[77] L. Venables, and

[78] R.J. Argauer

[79] ↵
Webb, R.E.,
W.H. McLane,
J.A. Finney,
L. Venables,
G.B. White,
A.M. Wieber, and
D.L. Cohen
. 1994b. Destruction of gypsy moth egg masses (using surfactants, detergents, oils, or conventional insecticides) for quarantine and community action programs. J. Entomol. Sci. 29:305–317.
OpenUrl

[80] Webb, R.E.,

[81] W.H. McLane,

[82] J.A. Finney,

[83] L. Venables,

[84] G.B. White,

[85] A.M. Wieber, and

[86] D.L. Cohen

[87] ↵
Webb, R.E.,
M. Shapiro,
J.D. Podgwaite,
R.L. Ridgway,
L. Venables,
G.B. White,
R.J. Argauer,
D.L. Cohen,
J. Witcosky,
K.M. Kester, and
K.W. Thorpe
. 1994c. Effect of optical brighteners on the efficacy of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nuclear polyhedrosis virus in forest plots with high or low levels of natural virus. J. Econ. Entomol. 87: 134–143.
OpenUrl CrossRef

[88] Webb, R.E.,

[89] M. Shapiro,

[90] J.D. Podgwaite,

[91] R.L. Ridgway,

[92] L. Venables,

[93] G.B. White,

[94] R.J. Argauer,

[95] D.L. Cohen,

[96] J. Witcosky,

[97] K.M. Kester, and

[98] K.W. Thorpe

[99] ↵
Webb, R.E.,
N.H. Dill,
J.M. McLaughlin,
L.S. Kershaw,
J.D. Podgwaite,
S.P. Cook,
K.W. Thorpe,
R.R. Farrar, Jr.,
R.L. Ridgway,
R.W. Fuester,
M. Shapiro,
R.J. Argauer,
L. Venables, and
G.B. White
. 1996. Blankophor BBH as an enhancer of nuclear polyhedrosis virus in arborist treatments against the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 89:957–962.
OpenUrl CrossRef

[100] Webb, R.E.,

[101] N.H. Dill,

[102] J.M. McLaughlin,

[103] L.S. Kershaw,

[104] J.D. Podgwaite,

[105] S.P. Cook,

[106] K.W. Thorpe,

[107] R.R. Farrar, Jr.,

[108] R.L. Ridgway,

[109] R.W. Fuester,

[110] M. Shapiro,

[111] R.J. Argauer,

[112] L. Venables, and

[113] G.B. White

[114] ↵
Wilkinson, J.D.,
K.D. Biever,
C.M. Ignoffo,
W.J. Pons,
R.K. Morrison, and
R.S. Seay
. 1978. Evaluation of diflubenzuron formulations on selected insect parasitoids and predators. J. Ga. Entomol. Soc. 13:227–236.
OpenUrl

[115] Wilkinson, J.D.,

[116] K.D. Biever,

[117] C.M. Ignoffo,

[118] W.J. Pons,

[119] R.K. Morrison, and

[120] R.S. Seay

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An Evaluation of the Residual Activity of Traditional, Safe, and Biological Insecticides Against the Gypsy Moth

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An Evaluation of the Residual Activity of Traditional, Safe, and Biological Insecticides Against the Gypsy Moth

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