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Research ArticleArticles

Rainfall Interception by Sacramento’s Urban Forest

Qingfu Xiao, E. Gregory McPherson, James R. Simpson and Susan L. Ustin
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) July 1998, 24 (4) 235-244; DOI: https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1998.028
Qingfu Xiao
1Hydrologic Sciences, Dept. of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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E. Gregory McPherson
2Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, c/o Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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James R. Simpson
2Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, c/o Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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Susan L. Ustin
1Hydrologic Sciences, Dept. of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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Article Figures & Data

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  • Figure 1.
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    Figure 1.

    Spatial distribution of annual interception at landscape level; see equation 1.

  • Figure 2
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    Figure 2

    Distribution of rainfall interception in a rural SubRAD (a) and city SubRAD (b) during a summer storm (May 31, 1993). P is gross precipitation, E is evaporation, C is canopy storage, and I is canopy rainfall interception. P, E, C, and I have units in mm of water.

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    Figure 3

    Temporal distribution of rainfall interception processes in a rural SubRAD (a) and city SubRAD (b) during a winter storm (December 3, 1994). P is gross precipitation, E is evaporation, C is canopy storage, and I is canopy rainfall interception.

Tables

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    Table 1.

    Leaf area and canopy cover distribution.

    Leaf area (km2)
    SectorArea (km2)CanopyBEaBDbConiferPalm
    City236.013.0%15.7126.2118.58.4
    Suburbari 371.415.4%239.4182.7182.97.9
    Rural1,970.95.2%358.392.592.80.0
    County2,578.37.4%613.4401.4394.216.3
    • ↵a Broadleaf evergreen.

    • ↵b Broadleaf deciduous.

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    Table 2a.

    Annual rainfall interception at the urban forest canopy level (mm), Sacramento County.

    SectorGross precipitationInterceptionFree throughfallLeaf dripStem flow
    City393.223.5266.3101.02.5
    Suburban433.256.3186.5238.02.7
    Rural415.555.4121.2236.32.6
    County414.145.9186.3179.32.6
    • View popup
    Table 2b.

    Annual rainfall interception by percentage, Sacramento County.

    SectorLandscape levelUrban forest canopy level
    City1.86.0
    Suburban2.613.0
    Rural0.613.3
    County1.011.1
    • View popup
    Table 3.

    Leaf area distribution by tree type and height class (leaf-on season).

    Tree type/height classLeaf area (% of total SubRAD)
    Rural SubRADCity SubRAD
    Broadleaf deciduous
    Largea5.7%27.2%
    Mediumb9.5%21.4%
    Smallc0.0%1.4%
    Subtotal15.2%50.0%
    Broadleaf evergreen
    Large39.0%0.9%
    Medium29.1%2.0%
    Small0.1%1.7%
    Subtotal68.2%4.6%
    Conifer
    Large10.3%7.4%
    Medium4.5%34.3%
    Small1.8%0.4%
    Subtotal16.6%42.1%
    Palm
    Large0%1.7%
    Medium0%1.5%
    Small0%0.1%
    Subtotal0%3.3%
    Average LAI6.13.7
    • ↵a Tree height greater than 15 m [50 ft].

    • ↵b Tree height 5 to 15 m [16.5 to 50 ft].

    • ↵c Tree height less than 5 m [16.5 ft].

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    Table 4.

    Rainfall interception at the urban forest canopy level.

    Flood analysis eventsaActual precipitationInterception (%)
    YearAmount/duration (mm [hours])DatePb(mm)Duration (hours)Rural SubRADCity SubRAD
    Leaf-offLeaf-onLeaf-offLeaf-on
    20051.6 [3]Jan. 9, 19956457.4%8.7%2.4%4.9%
    10040.4 [2]Apr. 3, 1996c4969.1%9.7%3.8%7.4%
    2532.0 [2]Jan. 10, 1995d3239.6%11.0%5.7%8.9%
    522.4 [2]Feb. 28, 199124415.3%17.9%6.4%10.7%
    211.4 [1]Feb. 18, 199615232.8%36.9%9.9%19.7%
    • ↵a From Sacramento County Drainage Manual 1997.

    • ↵b Precipitation at base station.

    • ↵c Storm occurs during leaf-on time.

    • ↵d 97% rainfall in first 2 hours.

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Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF)
Vol. 24, Issue 4
July 1998
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Rainfall Interception by Sacramento’s Urban Forest
Qingfu Xiao, E. Gregory McPherson, James R. Simpson, Susan L. Ustin
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) Jul 1998, 24 (4) 235-244; DOI: 10.48044/jauf.1998.028

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Rainfall Interception by Sacramento’s Urban Forest
Qingfu Xiao, E. Gregory McPherson, James R. Simpson, Susan L. Ustin
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) Jul 1998, 24 (4) 235-244; DOI: 10.48044/jauf.1998.028
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Keywords

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