Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Use of sand mix at The Christians Havns Square, Copenhagen. The material is used in a 3-m wide, 57-m long pit, in which 7 linden trees (Tilia tomentosa) were planted. The soil in the planting pits is separated from the sand mix by a wire basket during the installation process.
- Figure 2.
Pavement construction with load-bearing matrix and aeration layer.
Tables
Materials Stones (80–150 mm) Stones/crushed stones (32–80 mm) (32–45 mm) Leca-concrete blocks* (100 × 100 mm) Crushed lava (32–45 mm) Crushed bricks (25–50 mm) Sand mix (0.2–0.5 mm) Installation methods water mix dry mix premix water mix premix premix water mix dry mix premix water mix premix Growing medium topsoil topsoil topsoil topsoil topsoil humus/compost Density of material (g/cm3) 2.7 2.7 1.0 1.8 1.8 2.6 Porosity of material (vol. – %) 0 0 approx. 15 approx. 55 approx. 30 0 Voids in compacted material (vol. – %) 45 45/40 56 38 35 45 ↵* Leca is the Danish commercial name for Light Expanded Clay Aggretates.
Stones Lava Bricks Leca Sand Totals Premixing 8 locations 2 locations 6 locations 1 location 8 locations 25 locations 256 trees 3 trees 46 trees 40 trees 114 trees 459 trees Water mixing during installation 5 locations 2 locations 1 location — — 8 locations 181 trees 12 trees 3 trees — — 196 trees Dry mixing during installation 4 locations 1 location — — — 5 locations 141 trees 22 trees — — — 163 trees Totals 17 locations 5 locations 7 locations 1 location 8 locations 38 locations 578 trees 37 trees 49 trees 40 trees 114 trees 818 trees Mixing method Advantages Disadvantages Premixing Can be done by machine Separation during transportation and installation Risk of soil compaction in voids Can require special mixing equipment Water mixing during installation Contact between stones is ensured Can require large volumes of water Independent of weather Most suitable at large aggregate sizes Prevents soil compaction Dry mixing during installation Contact between stones is ensured Dry weather required Prevents soil compaction Requires dry soil Sand mix Rational mixing with right equipment Risk of soil compaction to a degree that impedes root growth Inexpensive ingredients The compaction level must be controlled Easy to install Poor load-bearing capacity
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