Terminal Bud Cluster Pruning Promotes Apical Control in Transplanted Shade Tree Whips

Literature Cited

1. 1.
   1. Churack, P.L.,
   2. R.W. Miller,
   3. K. Ottman, and
   4. C. Koval

   . 1994. Relationship between street tree diameter growth and projected pruning and waste wood management costs. J. Arboric. 20:231–236.

   OpenUrl
2. 2.↵
   1. Flemer, 2.

   1981. How and when to prune nursery stock. Amer. Nurs. 153 (8): 126–132, April 15.

   OpenUrl
3. 3.↵
   1. Gill, A.M.

   1964. The formation, growth and fate of buds of Fraxinus americana L. in central Massachusetts. Harvard Forest Paper No. 20.16 p.
4. 4.↵
   1. Harmer, R.

   1991. The effect of bud position on branch growth and bud abscission in Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. Ann. Bot. 67:463–468.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
5. 5.
   1. Reeder, E.C. and
   2. H.D. Gerhold

   . 1993. Municipal tree programs in Pennsylvania. J. Arboric. 19:12–19.

   OpenUrl
6. 6.↵
   1. Remphrey, W.R.,
   2. C.G. Davidson, and
   3. M.J. Blouw

   . 1987.A classification and analysis of crown form in green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica). Can. J. Bot. 65:2188–2195.

   OpenUrl
7. 7.↵
   1. Remphrey, W.R. and
   2. C.G. Davidson

   . 1992. Branch architecture and its relation to shoot-tip abortion in mature Fraxinus pennsylvanica. Can. J. Bot. 70:1147–1153.

   OpenUrl
8. 8.↵
   1. Remphrey, W.A. and
   2. C.G. Davidson

   . 1994. Shoot and leaf growth in Fraxinus pennsylvanica and its relation to crown location and pruning. Can. J. For. Res. 24:1997–2005.

   OpenUrl
9. 9.↵
   1. Rietveld, 2.J.

   1989. Transplanting stress in bareroot conifer seedlings: Its development and progression to establishment. N. J. Appl. For. 99–107.
10. 10.↵
    1. Watson and
    2. Neely

    1. Struve, D. K.

    1994. Street tree establishment. In Watson and Neely (Eds).The Landscape Below Ground, Proceedings of an International Workshop on Tree Root Development in Urban Soils. ISA, Savoy, IL. 222 p.
11. 11.↵
    1. Ward, W.W.

    1964. Bud distribution and branching in red oak. Bot. Gaz. 125:217–220.

    OpenUrl
12. 12.
    1. Wilson, B.F. and
    2. M. J. Kelty

    . 1994. Shoot growth from the bud bank in black oak. Can. J. For. Res. 24:149–154.

    OpenUrl
13. 13.↵
    1. Zimmerman, M.H.,
    2. C.L. Brown, and
    3. M.T. Tyree

    . 1971. Trees: Structure and Function. Third printing. Springer-Verlag, NY. 336 p.