Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1:
First year growth of Prunus subhirtella “Autumnalis” at Nittany Trees Nursery. Control tree is flanked by tree shelters 7 inches and 3 ° inches in diameter.
- Figure 2:
Magnolia stellata in the second year at Root’s Nursery, control tree and emerging from tree shelter.
Tables
- Table 1.
Annual height growth (feet) and mean caliper (inches) presented by varieties, shelter treatments, and years for Experiment 1.
Variety Height Growth Caliper Growth No Shelter Shelter No Shelter Shelter Year 1 Year 2 Year 1 Year 2 Year 2 Year 2 Acer griseum* 0.50a 0.31 a√ 0.65a 1.20a 0.67a 0.40b Cercis canadensis -0.15b 2.74a 0.07a† 2.33a 1.02a 0.73b Cornus ‘Celestial’* 0.79b√ 2.12a 2.33a 2.40a 0.87a 0.67b Magnolia ‘Merrill’* 0.32a 0.78a√ 0.12b√ 2.17a 0.68a 0.66a Magnolia stellata* 0.35a√ 0.72a√ 1.83b 2.93a 0.52a 0.52a Malus ‘Adirondack’ 0.56b 1.31a 0.60b 1.41a 0.79a 0.52b Syringa reticulata
‘Summer Snow’*0.10a 0.27a√ 0.30a 1.25a 1.04a 0.63b Combined* 0.38b 1.19a 0.69b 1.96a 0.80a 0.59b For each variety, year 1 and year 2 means within treatments were compared.
Varietal means with the same letter do not differ significantly from one another in height between years, or in caliper between treatments.
↵* indicates a variety with a significant difference in two-year height growth between shelter treatments.
↵√ indicates that the associated value is significantly lower than the value for the other shelter treatment in the same year and variety.
↵† identifies a mean which is not significantly different from other means despite large apparent differences, because it is based on only three highly variable measurements.
- Table 2.
Mean height growth (feet) and mean caliper growth (inches) presented by varieties and shelter treatments for Experiment 2 after one year.
Variety Height Growth Caliper Growth None Small Large None Small Large Acer capillipes 0.37b 2.37a 2.27a 0.10a 0.14a 0.17a Acer davidii 0.48c 1.79b 2.38a 0.12a 0.04b 0.10ab Carpinus caroliniana -0.16b 1.58a 1.43a 0.19a 0.18a 0.16a Carpinus japonica 0.43b 1.85a 1.74a 0.04b 0.14a 0.16a Cornus ‘Celestial’ 0.36b 1.66a 1.37a 0.14a 0.13a 0.14a Cornus ‘Constellation’ 0.44b 1.91a 1.39a 0.18a 0.12a 0.12a Magnolia stellata 0.19b 1.36a 0.67b 0.02a 0.04a 0.04a Prunus ‘Kwanzan’ 1.68b 3.96a 4.04a 0.24a 0.10b 0.14b Prunus subhirtella
‘Autumnalis’2.08b 3.17a 3.09a 0.34a 0.19b 0.16b Combined 0.65b 2.18a 2.04a 0.15a 0.12b 0.13ab For each variety and combined values, treatment means with the same letter do not differ significantly from one another.
- Table 3.
Diameter means (inches) presented by varieties and shelter treatments for Experiment 1 after two years.
Variety No Shelter Shelter Acer griseum 0.15 a 0.17a Cercis canadensis 0.23 b 0.49 a Cornus ‘Celestial’ 0.21 b 0.37 a Malus ‘Adirondack’ 0.19a 0.28 a Magnolia ‘Merrill’ 0.13 b 0.41 a Magnolia stellata -- 0.27 Syringa reticulata
‘Summer Snow’-- 0.20 Combined 0.20b 0.32 a For each variety and combined values, treatment means with the same letter do not differ significantly from one another.
- Table 4.
Diameter means (inches) presented by varieties and shelter treatments for Experiment 2 after one year.
Variety No Shelter Small Shelter Large Shelter Acer capillipes 0.12 0.24 0.22 Acer davidii 0.10 0.21 0.27 Carpinus caroliniana -- 0.13 0.13 Carpinus japonica -- 0.14 0.13 Cornus ‘Celestial’ 0.10 0.12 0.10 Cornus ‘Constellation’ 0.10 0.14 0.15 Magnolia stellata -- 0.10 -- Prunus ‘Kwanzan’ 0.22 0.36 0.39 Prunus subhirtella
‘Autumnalis’0.10 0.30 0.21 Combined 0.12b 0.22a 0.21a Treatment means with the same letter do not differ significantly from one another. Duncan’s separations are not presented for each variety due to the nonsignificance of the interaction between variety and treatment.
- Table 5.
Ratio of height (feet) to caliper (inches) presented by varieties, years and shelter treatments for Experiment 1.
Variety Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 No
ShelterNo
ShelterShelter Acer griseum 7.7 6.1 13.5 Cercis canadensis 6.7 6.1 12.2 Cornus ‘Celestial’ 7.5 7.6 12.4 Malus ‘Adirondack’ 6.4 7.3 12.0 Magnolia ‘Merrill’ 7.9 6.5 10.9 Magnolia stellata 4.6 4.3 11.4 Syringa reticulata
‘Summer Snow’4.4 3.7 7.9 Combined 6.4 6.0 11.6 Caliper was not measured in Year 1 within shelters.
- Table 6.
Ratio of height (feet) to caliper (inches) presented by varieties and treatments for Experiment 2 after one year.
Variety No Shelter Small Shelter Large Shelter Acer capillipes 11.8 15.8 14.2 Acer davidii 6.3 9.5 9.8 Carpinus japonica 10.8 14.1 15.3 Carpinus caroliniana 11.2 13.5 12.8 Cornus ‘Celestial’ 7.0 9.8 8.3 Cornus ‘Constellation’ 6.7 10.5 9.7 Magnolia stellata 8.5 13.0 12.1 Prunus ‘Kwanzan’ 7.6 15.1 13.4 Prunus subhirtella
‘Autumnalis’9.6 15.8 16.4 Combined 8.8 13.0 12.4
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