Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Schematic diagram of the 6 inch diameter planting tube system used in the oak study.
- Figure 2.
Oak root penetration response to compacted clay loam over 5 compaction levels.
- Figure 3.
Oak root penetration data from the stonesoil mixes tested. No significant differences in root penetration were identified.
- Figure 4.
Evaluation of the relative compactness of the oak study stone-soil mix treatments. Peak density data taken from previously reported work (3,4).
- Figure 5.
California bearing ratios of test samples as described by their stone fraction densities. Note that the lowest CBR values correspond with the stone fraction density of a 20% soil mix sample compacted to its peak standard AASHTO density. Data taken from previously reported work (3,4).
- Figure 6.
Acceptable CBR above 40 occurs when the soil is less than 25% of the mix. Rooting is acceptable when the soil is between 10% and 35%. The zone of overlapping acceptance then occurs when the soil is between 10% and 25% of the total mix by weight in this hypothetical example.
Tables
- Table 1.
Description of the stone-soil media used in the oak study by stone to soil mixing weight ratio, compactive effort, and dry density. Each number represents a mean of 7 replicates. Mean stone matrix density and weight percentage of the soil fraction are for comparison to the materials shown in Figures 1 and 3.
Stone to soil mixing ratio Mean compactive effort (kJ/m3) % of standard AASHTO compactive effort Mean replicate dry density by treatment (Mg/m3) Mean stone fraction density (Mg/m3) Weight % of soil fraction 3.82:1 591.993 99.9 1.928 1.528 20.8 4.06:1 607.513 102.5 2.042 1.638 19.8 4.34:1 592.702 100.0 1.944 1.580 18.7 4.66:1 587.768 99.2 1.927 1.586 17.7 5.03:1 622.799 105.1 2.066 1.723 16.6 5.47:1 589.506 99.5 1.923 1.626 15.5 5.98:1 568.804 96.0 1.85 1.585 14.3 - Table 2.
Description of the clay loam test treatments used in the oak study by compactive effort and resulting density. Results are from 10 observations per treatment. Standard AASHTO optimum moisture content of the clay loam was found to be 18%, and a peak density of 1.674 Mg/m3 was observed (ASTM D 698 method A used in testing).
Treatment level Mean compactive effort (kJ/m3) Gravimetric moisture content at time of compaction Mean resultant dry density (Mg/m3) % peak standard AASHTO density (1.674 Mg/m3) 1 0 24.9% 1.240 74 2 59.595 20.8% 1.479 88 3 125.832 24.9% 1.554 93 4 243.837 22.7% 1.616 97 5 605.284 19.8% 1.700 102
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