Fungicide Sprays Affect Leaf Condition and Tree Appearance of Southern Magnolia

Article Figures & Data

Table 1

Effect of various fungicides and combinations against leaf spot symptoms on southern magnolia.

Chemical & rate per acre	Symptoms
Chemical & rate per acre	Angular spot	Marginal scorch
Nova 40W 12 oz + Kocide 101 77W10lb + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.1^{^z}a^{^y}	1.2 ab
Daconil 2787 4.17 F 6 pt + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.2 a	1.0a
Orbit 3.6 EC 8 oz + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.2 a	1.0 a
Benlate50W1.0lb + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.2 a	1.0 a
Benlate 50W .5 Ib + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.2 a	1.0 ab
Orbit 3.6 EC 8 oz + Kocide101 77W10lb + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.2 a	1.0 ab
Orbit 3.6 EC 4 oz + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.3 a	1.0 a
Daconil 2787 4.17 F 36 pt+ Kocide101 77W10lb + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.3 a	2.0 d
Orbit 3.6 EC 4 oz + Kocide101 77W10lb + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.3 a	1.7 cd
Daconil 2787 4.17 F 3 pt + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.3 a	1.0a
Benlate 50W 1 lb + Kocide 101 77W10lb + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.3 a	1.5 bc
aconil 2787 4.17 F 3 pt + Kocide 101 77W10 lb + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.4 a	1.1 ab
Nova 40 W 6 oz + Kocide 101 77W10lb + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.5 ab	1.1 a
Benlate 50W .5 lb + Kocide 101 77W10lb + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.6ab	1.3 ab
Nova40W12oz + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.6 ab	1.0a
Nova 40 W 6 oz + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.8ab	1.0 a
Kocide 101 77W10lb	2.1 b	1.0 a
Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	2.7 c	1.1 ab
Control (unsprayed)	2.8 c	1.4 abc

↵z 1 to 8 rating, where 1 = 0% leaf surface affected, 2 = trace-6%, 6 = 6%-25%, 4 = 25%-50%, 5 = 50%-75%, 6 = 75%-94%, 7 = 94%-99%, 8 = 100%. Symptoms rated are described in text.
↵y Mean separation in columns by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test, 5% level.

Table 2

Phytotoxicity symptoms on southern magnolia associated with fungicide treatments.

Chemical & rate per acre	Symptoms
Chemical & rate per acre	Ring spot	Faded patch
Kocide 101 77W10 lb	1.0^{^z}a^{^y}	1.1 a
Control	1.0 a	1.0 a
Benlate 50W .5 lb + Kocide 101 77W 10 lb + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.2 ab	1.3 ab
Benlate 50W 1.0 lb + Kocide 101 77W10lb + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.3 abc	1.0 a
Daconil 2787 4.17 F36pt + Kocide 101 77W 10 lb + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.3 abcd	1.5 bc
Orbit 3.6 EC 4 oz + Kocide 101 77W10lb + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.5 abcde	1.8 cd
Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.5 abcde	1.0 a
Nova 40W 6 oz+ Kocide 101 77W10lb+ Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.5 abcde	1.4 ab
Nova 40W 12 oz+ Kocide 101 77W10lb+ Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.6 bcdef	2.0 d
Benlate 50W 1.0 lb + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.6 bcdef	1.2 ab
Nova 40W 12 oz + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.6 bcdef	1.1 a
Daconil 2787 42.17 F 3pt+ Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.7 bcdef	1.3 ab
Nova 40W 6 oz + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.8 cdef	1.1 ab
Orbit3.6EC8oz + Kocide 101 77W 10 lb + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.8 cdef	1.1 a
Daconil 2787 4.17F 3 pt + Kocide 101 77W10lb + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.9 efg	1.2 ab
Orbit 3.6EC 8 oz + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.9 efg	1.0 a
Benlate 50W .5 lb + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.9 defg	1.0 a
Daconil 2787 4.17F 3 pt + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	2.1 fg	1.3 ab
Orbit 3.6EC 4 oz + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	2.3 g	1.1 a

↵z 1 to 8 rating, where 1 = 0% leaf surface affected, 2 = trace-6%, 6 = 6%-25%, 4 = 25%-50%, 5 = 50%-75%, 6 = 75%-94%, 7 = 94%-99%, 8 = 100%. Symptoms rated are described in text.
↵y Mean separation in columns by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test, 5% level.

Table 3

Effect of various fungicides and combinations on leaf and tree appearance on southern magnolia.

Chemical & rate per acre	Symptoms
Chemical & rate per acre	Tree appearance rating^{^z}	Leaf rating^{^y}
Orbit3.6EC8 oz + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.0a^{^x}	6.8 b
Benlate 50W 1.0lb + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.1 a	7.0 a
Benlate 50W .5 lb + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.1 a	7.0 a
Orbit 3.6EC 8 oz + Kocide 101 77W10lb + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.6 ab	6.7 abc
Nova40W 12 oz + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.6 a	6.8 ab
Orbit 3.6EC 4 oz + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.6 abc	6.8 ab
Kocide 101 77W 10 lb +	1.6 abc	6.9 ab
Benlate 50W 1.0 lb + Kocide 101 77W10lb + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.8 bcd	6.7 ab
Daconil 2787 4.17 F 3 pt + Kocide101 77W10ib + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.9 bcd	6.4 abcd
Daconil 2787 4.17 F 3 pt + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	1.9 bcd	6.9 ab
Benlate 50W .5 lb + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	2.2 bcde	6.2 bcd
Nova 40W 6 oz + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	2.3 cde	6.6 abc
Daconil 2787 4.17 F 6 pt+ Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	2.4 de	6.5 abc
Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	2.6 ef	6.3 abcd
Nova 40W 6 oz + Kocide 101 77W10lb + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	2.8 ef	6.3 abcd
Control	3.0 fg	6.4 abcd
Nova 40W 12 oz + Kocide 101 77W10lb + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	3.1 fg	6.0 cd
Daconil 2787 4.17 F6pt + Kocide101 77W10lb + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	3.3 g	5.8 d
Orbit 3.6EC 4 oz + Kocide 101 77W10lb + Red Panther surf. 2.0 pt	3.4 g	5.8 d

↵z 0 to 5 rating, where 0 = no visible symptoms on new growth, 1 = very light visible symptoms, 2 = light, 3 = moderate, 4 = heavy symptom occurrence, majority of new leaves with visible symptoms.
↵y 1 to 8 rating, where 1 = 0% leaf surface affected, 2 = trace–6%, 6 = 6%–25%, 4 = 25%–50%, 5 = 50%–75%, 6 = 75%–94%, 7 = 94%–99%, 8 = 100%. Symptoms rated are described in text.
↵x Mean separation in columns by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test, 5% level.