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Research ArticleArticles

Potential of Tree Shade for Reducing Residential Energy Use in California

James R. Simpson and E. Gregory McPherson
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) January 1996, 22 (1) 10-18; DOI: https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1996.002
James R. Simpson
Western Center for Urban Forest Research and Education, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, c/o Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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E. Gregory McPherson
Western Center for Urban Forest Research and Education, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, c/o Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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Article Figures & Data

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  • Figure 1.
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    Figure 1.

    Climate zones of California.

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    Figure 2.

    Annual difference (savings are positive) in heating, cooling and total energy use in Sacramento, expressed as a percentage of unshaded base case energy use (kWh), for single trees located at cardinal (E, S, W) and inter-cardinal (NE, SE, SW, NW) points around an east-west oriented building. Results also given for two west trees (2W), one east and two west trees (2W1E), and seven trees located in all directions except north (ALL).

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    Figure 3.

    Peak demand savings expressed as a percentage of unshaded base case demand (kW) for tree locations in Figure 2.

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    Figure 4.

    Annual cooling energy savings expressed as a percentage of the unshaded base case for three trees (two to the west and one to the east) around an east-west oriented building for energy–efficient, attic insulated, and uninsulated homes in five California climate zones.

Tables

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    Table 1.

    Climate zone, base case annual (kWh) and peak (kW) electrical energy use for cooling, and peak and annual cooling savings summary for two trees on the west and one on the east for the energy efficient home.

    Climate zoneMajor cityHeating degree days1Cooling degree days2Base case cooling electrical useAnnual savingsPeak savings
    kWhkW%kWh$%kWHour
    2Santa Rosa33403238812.513833340190.4715
    4Sunnyvale23663255392.295228234210.4915
    7San Diego13554724182.074920623100.2114
    8El Toro158663810472.54343554610.0213
    9Burbank148889314102.912940352170.4915
    10Riverside1570124319293.13234385770.2315
    11Red Bluff2518133721353.342654866210.6916
    12Sacramento276470814903.1834513623230.7416
    13Fresno2300190829683.402162875220.7516
    14China Lake2706171926773.242257675230.7516
    15El Centro776401858754.081164283110.4615
    • ↵1 One heating degree day (HDD) accumulates for every degree that the mean outside temperature is below 65°F (18.3°C) for a 24 hr period.

    • ↵2 One cooling degree day (CCD) accumulates for every degree that the mean outside temperature is above 65°F (18.3°C) for a 24 hr period.

    • ↵3 $41 in Sacramento County

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    Table 2.

    Average monthly and annual air temperature by climate zone (°F).

    MonthClimate zone
    24789101112131415
    Jan45.148.756.854.755.453.444.645.047.043.055.6
    Feb50.051.956.456.156.855.649.750.352.148.359.3
    Mar52.854.557.457.657.756.252.953.455.552.464.8
    Apr55.557.159.360.660.759.958.057.562.056.971.3
    May60.561.362.263.664.264.566.964.369.766.078.7
    Jun65.765.665.467.468.270.173.369.577.674.887.9
    Jul68.167.269.170.973.376.377.772.782.182.392.2
    Aug67.468.370.070.772.776.375.671.580.281.591.5
    Sep64.866.868.970.171.672.970.868.373.873.185.7
    Oct60.061.765.865.366.866.262.561.965.263.275.3
    Nov50.753.359.959.358.857.952.052.653.349.961.9
    Dec46.449.656.455.755.452.645.145.746.643.355.4
    Year57.358.862.362.763.563.560.859.463.861.273.3
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Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF)
Vol. 22, Issue 1
January 1996
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Potential of Tree Shade for Reducing Residential Energy Use in California
James R. Simpson, E. Gregory McPherson
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) Jan 1996, 22 (1) 10-18; DOI: 10.48044/jauf.1996.002

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Potential of Tree Shade for Reducing Residential Energy Use in California
James R. Simpson, E. Gregory McPherson
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) Jan 1996, 22 (1) 10-18; DOI: 10.48044/jauf.1996.002
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