Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1.
Evapotranspiration (L) of palm trees as a function of planting size, leaching fraction (LF) and time (mo). Potential evapotranspiration (ETo) converted to liters per month based on lysimeter surface area. Error bars indicate standard error (+/-) associated with average values based on three replications.
Tables
- Table 1.
Average size characteristics of palm, pine and palo verde trees measured at the end of the 6 month experimental period.
Plantingz size LF Height (m) Trunk diameter (mm) Canopy volume (m3) Basal canopy area (m2) Fronds (#) Palm 18.9 L -0.25 0.76 97.1 0.69 0.90 8.7 (#5) 0 0.90 117.5 1.02 0.91 10.0 +0.25 0.91 122.5 0.80 0.77 8.0 LSD0.05 0.14 11.2 NS NS NS 56.8 L -0.25 1.04 158.3 0.58 0.62 9.3 (#15) 0 0.93 157.9 0.75 0.81 10.7 +0.25 1.08 180.6 1.08 1.05 12.0 LSD0.05 NS NS NS NS 1.7 Pine 18.9 L -0.25 0.86 26.9 0.07 0.22 --- (#5) 0 0.78 25.3 0.05 0.18 — +0.25 0.79 26.6 0.07 0.26 — LSD0.05 NS NS NS 0.08 56.8 L -0.25 2.03 45.5 0.37 0.59 (#15) 0 1.86 53.6 0.42 0.74 — +0.25 2.01 56.8 0.38 0.64 — LSD0.05 NS 7.4 NS NS Palo Verde 18.9 L -0.25 1.35 20.7 0.76 0.46 — (#5) 0 1.71 24.8 1.15 0.65 — +0.25 1.59 20.5 1.06 0.70 — LSD0.05 0.19 NS NS NS 56.8 L -0.25 2.06 23.0 1.40 0.70 (#15) 0 1.53 23.0 0.80 0.49 — +0.25 1.80 22.9 1.05 0.60 — LSD0.05 0.28 NS NS NS ↵z 18.9 L = 5 gallon = #5 56.8 L = 15 gallon = #15
- Table 2.
Total (6 months) evapotranspiration (ETa) of palm, pine and palo verde trees separated by planting size and LF. Also, 6 month ETa totals for various shrubs, ground cover and grasses.
Planting sizez LF ETa (L) Palo verde Palm Pine 18.9 L -0.25 288 213 228 (#5) 0.00 514 173 290 +0.25 470 233 303 LSD0.05 93 42 NS 56.8 L -0.25 465 285 372 (#15) 0.00 552 346 357 +0.25 769 389 314 LSD0.05 169 96 NS Shrubs Oleander 346 Texas Ranger 297 Waxleaf Privet 252 LSD0.05 79 Ground cover Myoporum 258 Rosemary 258 Gazania 208 LSD0.05 38 Grass Bermudagrass/Ryegrass 195 Bermudagrass 195 Buffalograss 166 Bentgrass 153 LSD0.05 23 ↵z 18 L = 5 gallon = #5 57 L = 15 gallon =#15
- Table 4.
Regression equations and correlation coefficients (r) for the relationship between monthly evapotranspiration (ETa,L) and monthly potential evapotranspiration (ETo,cm).
ETa (L) r* Palm ETa = -5.97 + 7.68(ETo)Z 0.90 Palo Verde ETa = -33.32 + 5.90(ETo)Z 0.99 Pine ETa = 15.88 + 3.02(ETo)Z 0.91 Myoporum ETa = -11.46+ 3.61 ETo) 0.99 Rosemary ETa= 2.65 + 2.68(ETo) 0.97 Gazania ETa = 2.01 + 2.20(ETo) 0.99 Oleander ETa = -14.12 + 4.75(ETo) 0.96 Texas Ranger ETa = -20.12 + 4.20(ETo) 0.99 Privet ETa= 4.19+ 2.51 (ETo) 0.99 Bermuda/Rye ETa = - 7.55 + 2.19(ETo) 0.99 Bermuda ETa = -15.43 +3.16(ETo) 0.95 Buffalo ETa =-16.73+ 3.25(ETo) 0.98 Bentgrass ETa = -15.45 + 2.82(ETo) 0.97 - Table 5.
Total (6 months) actual evapotranspiration per basal canopy area (trees, shrubs) or lysimeter area (ground cover, grasses). Numbers in parenthesis represent a ratio of tree, shrub or groundcover evapotranspiration to high fertility bermudagrass evapotranspiration.
PlantingZ size (L) LF Evapotranspiration (L/m2)Z Palm Pine Palo verde -0.25 324 (0.39) 989(1.17) 555 (0.66) 18.9 0.00 604 (0.71) 948 (1.12) 502 (0.59) (#5) +0.25 607 (0.72) 678 (0.80) 488 (0.58) -0.25 756 (0.89) 539 (0.64) 833 (0.98) 56.8 0.00 736 (0.87) 469 (0.55) 735 (0.87) (#15) +0.25 819 (0.97) 743 (0.88) 521 (0.62) LSD0.05 253 318 NS Shrubs Oleander 692 (0.82) Texas Ranger 974(1.15) Waxleaf Privet 829 (0.98) LSD0.05 NS Ground cover Myoporum 1123 (1.33) Rosemary 1123(1.33) Gazania 903 (1.07) LSD0.05 164 Grass Bermudagrass/Ryegrass 846 (1.00) Bermudagrass 846 (1.00) Buffalograss 666 (0.79) Bentgrass 734 (0.87) LSD0.05 113 ↵Z 18 L = 5 gallon = #5 57 L = 15 gallon = #15
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