Management of Gypsy Moths Using Sticky Trunk Barriers and Larval Removal

Literature Cited

1. 1.↵
   1. Blumenthal, E. M.

   1983. Gypsy moth defoliation reduction using mechanical barrier devices. Melsheimer Entomol. Ser. 33: 21–30.

   OpenUrl
2. 2.↵
   1. Campbell, R. W.

   1983. Gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) control trials combining nucleopolyhedrosis virus, disparlure, and mechanical methods. J. Econ. Entomol. 76:610–614.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
3. 3.↵
   1. Kolodny-Hirsch, D. M.

   1986. Evaluation of methods for sampling gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) egg mass populations and development of sequential sampling plans. Environ. Entomol. 15: 122–127.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
4. 4.↵
   1. G. W. Frankie and
   2. C. S. Koehler

   1. Kielbaso J.J.and
   2. M. K. Kennedy

   , 1983. Urban forestry and entomology: a current appraisal, pp. 423–440. In Urban Entomology: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, G. W. Frankie and C. S. Koehler, eds. Praeger, New York.
5. 5.↵
   1. Liebhold, A. M. &
   2. J. S. Eikinton

   . 1988. Techniques for estimating the density of late-instar larval gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar(Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), populations using frass drop and frass production measurements. Environ. Entomol. 17: 381–384.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
6. 6.↵
   1. Liebhold, A.M.&
   2. J.S.Elkinton

   . 1988. Estimating the density of larval gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), using frass drop and frass production measurements: sources of variation and sample size. Environ. Entomol. 17: 385–390.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
7. 7.↵
   1. Liebhold, A. M.,
   2. J. S. Elkinton, &
   3. W. E. Wallner

   . 1986. Effect of burlap bands on between-tree movement of late-instar gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Environ. Entomol. 15: 373–379.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
8. 8.↵
   1. Mech, R. and
   2. G. Simmons

   . 1986. The gypsy moth in Michigan. Extension Bulletin E-1983 (New), May 1986. E. Lansing, Ml, Cooperative Extension Service.
9. 9.↵
   1. Miller, J. D. &
   2. B. E. Lindsay

   . 1993. Influences on individual initiative to use gypsy moth control in New Hampshire, USAa. Environmental Management 17:765–772.

   OpenUrl
10. 10.↵
    1. Raupp, M. J.,
    2. J. A. Davidson, and
    3. F. E. Wood

    . 1988/89. The gypsy moth and the homeowner. Univ. Maryland Coop. Extn. Ser. Fact Sheet 242.
11. 11.↵
    SAS Institute. 1985. SAS User’s Guide: Statistics, version 5 edition. Cary, N.C.
12. 12.↵
    1. Sokal, R. R. and
    2. F. J. Rohlf

    . 1969. Biometry. W. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco. 776 pp.
13. 13.↵
    1. Thorpe, K. W. &
    2. R. L. Ridgway

    . 1994. Effects of trunk barriers on larval gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) density in isolated-and contiguous-canopy oak trees. Environ. Entomol. 23: 832–836.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
14. 14.↵
    1. Thorpe, K. W.,
    2. R. E. Webb,
    3. J. R. Aldrich, and
    4. K. M. Tatman

    . 1994. Effects of spined soldier bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) augmentation and sticky barrier bands on gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) density in oak canopies. J. Entomol. Sci. 29:339–346.

    OpenUrl
15. 15.↵
    1. Thorpe, K. W.,
    2. R. E. Webb,
    3. R. L. Ridgway,
    4. L. Venables &
    5. K.M. Tatman

    . 1993. Sticky barrier bands affect density of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) and damage in oak canopies. J. Econ. Entomol. 86:1497–1501.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
16. 16.↵
    1. Webb, R. E. &
    2. V. K. Boyd

    . 1983. Evaluation of barrier bands and insecticidal strips for impeding intraplant movement of gypsy moth caterpillars. Melsheimer Entomol. Ser. 33:15–20.

    OpenUrl
17. 17.↵
    1. Webb, R. E.,
    2. R. C. Reardon,
    3. A. M. Wieber,
    4. V. K. Boyd,
    5. H. G. Larew, &
    6. R. J. Argauer

    . 1988. Suppression of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) populations on oak using implants or injections of acephate and methamidophos. J. Econ. Entomol. 81:573–577.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
18. 18.↵
    1. Webb, R. E.,
    2. W. H. McLane,
    3. J. A. Finney,
    4. L. Venables,
    5. G. B. White,
    6. A. M. Wieber, and
    7. D. L. Cohen

    . 1994. Destruction of gypsy moth egg masses (using surfactants, detergents, oils or conventional insecticides) for quarantine and community action programs. J. Entomol. Sci. 29:305–317.

    OpenUrl